Ke hobane'ng ha CBT e tloaelehile e le karolo ea karolo ea phekolo
Tlhahlobo ea kelello ea ho itšoara hantle (CBT) ke mokhoa oa kelello oa lefu lena o nang le mekhoa e sa tšoaneng. Mokhoa ona o thusa motho hore a utloisise ho sebelisana pakeng tsa menahano ea hae, maikutlo, le boitšoaro le ho hlahisa mekhoa ea ho fetola menahano e sa rateheng le boitšoaro e le hore ho ntlafatsoe maikutlo le ho sebetsa.
CBT ka boeona hase mokhoa o fapaneng oa phekolo 'me ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ea CBT e arolelanang khopolo e tloaelehileng ka lintlha tse bolokang khatello ea kelello.
Ho Amohela le ho Ikitlaetsa Therapy (ACT) le Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) ke mehlala ea mefuta e tobileng ea phekolo ea CBT.
Hangata CBT e na le nako e lekanyelitsoeng ebile e na le sepheo sa sepheo sa mosebetsi 'me e akarelletsa mosebetsi oa sekolo ka ntle ho mananeo. CBT e hatisa tšebelisano pakeng tsa setsebi le moeletsi le ho nka karolo ka mafolofolo ke mofani. CBT e sebetsa hantle bakeng sa mathata a mangata a kelello ho akarelletsa le ho tepella maikutlo, lefu la ho tšoenyeha ka tloaelo , phobias le OCD.
Histori
CBT e entsoe ke setsebi sa kelello Aaron Beck le setsebi sa kelello Albert Ellis ho ella bofelong ba bo-1950 le bo-1960, ba ileng ba hatisa karolo ea menahano ho susumetsa maikutlo le boitšoaro.
CBT bakeng sa mathata a ho ja e ile ea etsoa lilemong tsa bo-1970 ke G. Terence Wilson, Christopher Fairburn le Stuart Agras. Bafuputsi bana ba ile ba lemoha thibelo ea lijo le sebōpeho le ho ameha ka boima ba bohlokoa ho boloka bulimia nervosa, ba theha mokhoa oa phekolo oa li-20, mme ba qala ho khanna liteko tsa kliniki.
Lilemong tsa bo-1990, CBT e ne e sebelisetsoa ho tšoaroa ke lefu la ho itlopa joala hape. Ka 2008, Fairburn e phatlalalitse buka e ntlafalitsoeng ea phekolo ea Enhanced Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT-E) e etselitsoeng ho sebetsana le mathata ohle a ho ja. CBT-E e na le mekhoa e 'meli: phekolo e tsepamisitsoeng e tšoanang le buka ea pele, le phekolo e pharaletseng e nang le li-modules tse eketsehileng ho sebetsana le ho hloka mamello, ho se phethahale , ho itšepa ho tlaase, le mathata a mangata a tlatsetsang ho boloka mathata a ho ja.
CBT e sebelisitsoe ka katleho ka thuso ea boithati le mekhoa ea boithati e tataisitsoeng bakeng sa phekolo ea bulimia nervosa le ho itlopa bolutu ka ho kula. E ka boela ea fanoa ka lihlopha tsa sehlopha le maemo a phahameng a tlhokomelo, joalo ka lits'ebetso tsa bolulo kapa tsa malapa.
Liphetoho tse ling tsa morao-rao li kenyeletsa tšebeliso ea thekenoloji ho atolosa batho ba nang le phihlelo ea phekolo e sebetsang joaloka CBT. Lipatlisiso li qalile ho fana ka phekolo ea CBT ka theknoloji e fapaneng, ho kenyeletsa le melaetsa, puisano, app mobile, le boitsebiso bo itšetlehileng ka marang-rang.
Katleho
CBT e nkoa e le phekolo e sebetsang ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa phekolo ea bulimia nervosa 'me ka hona, e lokela ho ba phekolo e khethehileng ea kelello ea mafu. Likhokelo tsa National Institute for Health le Care Excellence (NICE) li buella CBT hore e be phekolo ea pele ea batho ba baholo ba nang le bolimia nervosa le ho itlopa bolutu ka ho kula le e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e meraro e ka sebelisoang bakeng sa batho ba baholo ba nang le anorexia nervosa.
Phuputso e 'ngoe e ile ea bapisa likhoeli tse hlano tsa CBT (lihlopha tse 20) bakeng sa basali ba nang le bolimia nervosa ka lilemo tse peli tsa lefu la kelello la psychoanalytic. Basebeletsi ba mashome a supileng ba ne ba abeloa ho e mong oa lihlopha tsena tse peli. Kamora 'likhoeli tse hlano tsa phekolo (qetello ea phekolo ea CBT), bakuli ba liphesente tse 42 sehlopheng sa CBT le karolo ea 6 lekholong ea bakuli ba phekolo ea psychoanalytic sehlopha ba khaolitse ho ja lijo le ho hloekisa.
Qetellong ea lilemo tse peli (ho phethoa ha therapy ea psychoanalytic), karolo ea 44 lekholong ea sehlopha sa CBT le karolo ea 15 lekholong ea sehlopha sa psychoanalytic e ne e se na matšoao.
Phuputso e 'ngoe e ile ea bapisa CBT-E le phekolo e ikemetseng (IPT), e leng phekolo e' ngoe e ka sehloohong ea ho phekola batho ba baholo ba nang le bothata ba ho ja. Phuputsong, bakuli ba baholo ba 130 ba nang le bothata ba ho ja ba ne ba abeloa ho fumana CBT-E kapa IPT. Litšebeletso tse peli li ne li ameha ka libeke tse 20 ho feta libeke tse 20, 'me li lateloa ke nako ea libeke tse 60. Nakong ea kalafo, karolo ea 66 lekholong ea barupeluoa ba CBT-E e ile ea kopana le litekanyetso tsa ho tšoareloa, ho bapisoa le karolo ea 33 lekholong ea barupeluoa ba IPT.
Nakong ea nako ea tlhahiso-pele, tekanyo ea pepeliso ea CBT-E e ile ea lula e phahame (karolo ea 69 ho ea ho 49 lekholong).
Mekhoa e nahanelang ea ho ja lijo
Mokhoa oa ho nahanisisa oa mathata a ho ja o bontša hore bothata bo ka sehloohong mathateng ohle a ho ja ke ho feteletsa maikutlo ka sebōpeho le boima ba 'mele. Tsela e tobileng eo sena se fetisisang ka eona se ka fapana. E ka khanna leha e le efe ea tse latelang:
- Ho ja lijo tse thata
- Boima ba 'mele
- E-ja lijo
- Boitšoaro bo fanang ka boipheliso bo kang ho hlatsa motho ka boeena, ho lahla le ho ikoetlisa ka tsela e feteletseng
Ho feta moo, likarolo tsena li ka kopana ho etsa matšoao a lefu la ho ja. Ho ja lijo tse fokolang-ho akarelletsa ho tlohela lijo, ho ja lijo tse fokolang, le ho qoba lijo tse thibetsoeng-ho ka lebisa boima ba 'mele le / kapa ho ja joala. Boima bo tlaase bo ka lebisa ho khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng hape e ka etsa hore motho a je ka lijo tse ngata. Ho itlopa bolutu ho ka lebisa ho molato o matla le ho hlajoa ke lihlong le ho tsosolosa boiteko ba ho ja. E ka boela ea lebisa boitekong ba ho etsolla ho hloekisoa ka boitšoaro bo hlephileng. Hangata bakuli ba tšoaroa ka potoloho.
Likarolo tsa CBT
CBT ke phekolo e hlophisitsoeng. Ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa, o na le lihlopha tse 20. Lipakane li behiloe. Lihlopha li sebelisetsoa ho bekha mokuli, ho hlahloba mosebetsi oa sekolo, ho hlahloba boitsebiso ba linyeoe, tsebo ea ho ruta le ho rarolla bothata.
Hangata CBT e kenyeletsa likarolo tse latelang:
- Tlhahiso ea maikutlo ho utloisisa se bolokang boloetse ba ho ja le liphello tsa kelello le tsa bongaka.
- Phetolo ea ho ja lijo le lijo tse tloaelehileng tsa ho ja-ka makhetlo a mararo hammoho le ho ja lijo tse peli ho isa ho tse tharo ka letsatsi. Mokuli a ka etsa qeto ea hore na a je eng hafeela e tšoana le lijo kapa bohobebebe.
- Litokisetso tsa lijo . Mokuli o lokela ho rera lijo pele ho nako 'me kamehla a tsebe hore na "lijo tsa hae tse latelang" li tla ba neng.
- Ho tlatsa lirekoto tsa lijo kapele ka mor'a ho ja le ho lemoha menahano le maikutlo hammoho le boitšoaro.
- Ho lekanya kamehla (hangata hanngoe ka beke) e le hore u shebe tsoelopele le ho etsa liteko.
- Ntlafatso ea mekhoa ea ho thibela likobo le mekhoa ea boipheliso , joalo ka tšebeliso ea ho lieha le mekhoa le mekhoa ea ho rarolla mathata.
- Phephetso ea melao ea lijo. Sena se kenyelletsa ho khetholla melao le ho ba phephetsa boitšoaro (ho ja lijo ka mor'a hora ea bosiu kapa ho ja sandwich ea lijo tsa motšehare).
- Ntšetso-pele ea ho tsoela pele ho nahana ho nka sebaka sa ho nahana kapa ho se na letho .
- Tšebeliso ea liteko tsa boitšoaro. Ka mohlala, haeba mofani a lumela hore ho ja senoelo ho tla etsa hore boima bo boima ba lik'hilograma tse hlano, a ka khothalletsoa ho ja senoelo le ho bona hore na se etsa joalo. Liteko tsena tsa boitšoaro li atisa ho sebetsa haholo ho feta ho tsosolosoa ha maikutlo a motho a le mong.
- Ho ba le tšabo ea lijo tsa tšabo . Kamora ho ja ka nako e nepahetseng ho na le mekhoa e metle ea boitšoaro, mekhoa ea boipheliso e tlas'a taolo, bakuli butle-butle ba tsosolosa lijo tseo ba li tšabang.
- Khutlela ho thibela ho khetholla mekhoa e 'meli e thusitseng le kamoo u ka sebetsanang le maemo a ka' nang a khoptjoa nakong e tlang. Hobane phekolo ke nako e fokolang, sepheo ke hore mokuli e be setsebi sa hae.
Tse ling tsa likarolo tse ngata li kenyelletsoa:
- Ho khaotsa ho hlahloba 'mele
- Ho fokotsa ho qoba 'mele
- Ntlafatso ea mehloli e mecha ea boitlhompho
- Phephetso ea ho kula ha kelello
Ho ntlafatsa tsebo ea batho ba bang
Bakhethi ba Molemo bakeng sa CBT
Batho ba baholo ba nang le bolimia nervosa , bothata ba ho ja lijo tsa ho itlopa joala , le mathata a mang a khetholloang ke ho ja (OSFED) ba ka 'na ba e-ba ba loketseng CBT. Bacha ba lilemong tsa bocha ba nang le bolimia le ho ja lijo tse itlopa joala ba ka boela ba rua molemo ho CBT.
Karabo ea Phekolo
Therapists e tsamaisang CBT e reretsoe ho kenyelletsa phetoho ea boitšoaro kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang. Lipatlisiso li bontšitse hore bakuli ba khonang ho etsa liphetoho tsa boits'oaro ba pele joalo ka ho theha lijo tse tloaelehileng le ho fokotsa makhetlo a tloaelehileng a ho itlhoekisa ho ka etsahala hore ba phekoloe ka katleho qetellong ea phekolo.
Ha CBT e sa Sebetse
Hangata CBT e khothalletsoa e le phekolo ea pele. Haeba teko ea CBT e sa atlehe, batho ba ka romeloa bakeng sa DBT (mofuta o itseng oa CBT ka matla a maholo) kapa boemo bo phahameng ba tlhokomelo e kang lenaneo la bakhachane kapa lenaneo la kalafo.
> Mehloli:
> Agras, W. Stewart, Ellen E. Fitzsimmons-Craft, le Denise E. Wilfley. 2017. "Khopolo ea ho iphetola ha mokhoa oa ho itšoara ka tsela e nepahetseng bakeng sa ho ja lijo." Phuputso ea Boits'oaro le Phekolo , Ho eketsa tšusumetso ea phekolo ea boits'oaro ba maikutlo: Khatiso e khethehileng ea tlhompho ea G. Terence Wilson, 88 (January): 26-36. doi: 10.1016 / j.brat.2016.09.004.
> "Ho ja Matšoenyeho: Ho Amoheloa le Kalafo | Tataiso le Tataiso | NICE. "2017. Mokhatlo oa Sechaba oa Bophelo le Boiketlo ba Ts'ebeletso: UK. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng69.
> Fairburn, CG (2008). Tlhahlobo ea Boits'oaro le Boemo ba ho ja . New York, NY: Guilford Press.
> Fairburn, Christopher G., Suzanne Bailey-Straebler, Shawnee Basden, Helen A. Doll, Rebecca Jones, Rebecca Murphy, Marianne E. O'Connor le Zafra Cooper. 2015. "Ho bapisoa ha Transdiagnostic ea Theknoloji ea Boits'oaro le Boithuto bo ntlafetseng (CBT-E) le Interpersonal Psychotherapy ka Phekolo ea Mahlomola a ho ja." Phuputso ea Boitšoaro le Therapy 70 (July): 64-71. doi: 10.1016 / j.brat.2015.04.010.
> Poulsen, Stig, Susanne Lunn, Sarah HA Daniel, Sofie Folke, Birgit Bork Mathiesen, Hannah Katznelson, le Christopher G. Fairburn. 2014. "Tlhahlobo e laoloang ka nako e tloaelehileng ea Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy kapa Theknoloji ea Boits'oaro ba Boipia bakeng sa Bulimia Nervosa." Journal of American Psychiatry 171 (1): 109-16. doi: 10.1176 / appi.ajp.2013.12121511.
> Turner, Rhonda le Ho Rapela Napolitano, Susan M., "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)" (2010). Lipampiri tsa thuto ea Psychology le Libuka. 147p. 226-229. Copyright 2010, Springer
> Waller, Glenn, Helen Cordery, Emma Corstorphine, Hendrik Hinrichsen, Rachel Lawson, Victoria Mountford, le Katie Russell. 2013. Theknoloji ea Boits'oaro ba Boits'oaro bakeng sa ho ja ha Mathata . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
> Wilson, GT, Grilo, C., & Vitousek, KM (2007). Tlhaloso ea kelello ea mathata a ho ja. Setsebi sa kelello sa Amerika, 62 (3). 199- 216.