Mona ke mesebetsi e fokolang feela mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea psychology
Mefuta e fapaneng ea litsebi tsa kelello ke eng, hona ke eng eo ba e etsang ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea kelello? Ha batho ba utloa lentsoe la setsebi sa mafu a kelello, hangata ba bangata ba nahana hore monna kapa mosali ea lutseng ofising, o ngola lintlha ha mong'a setulo a lutse setulong se koahelang letlalo. Ha e le hantle, ho na le litsebi tsa mafu a kelello tse nang le phekolo ea mofuta ona, empa batho ba sebetsang tšimong ea kelello ba boetse ba etsa lintho tse fapa-fapaneng.
Na u ne u tseba hore ho na le litsebi tsa kelello tse ithutang kamoo batho ba sebetsang le ho sebelisana le lisebelisoa kateng tikolohong ea bona? Kapa hore litsebi tse ling tsa kelello li na le litsela tsa ho thusa ho futhumala ha lefatše? Ka tlase lethathamo la tse ling tsa libaka tse khethehileng le mesebetsi e amanang le eona eo ba kenyeletsang eona.
Litsebi tsa kelello tsa lifofane
Litsebi tsena tsa kelello li ithuta boitšoaro ba batsamaisi ba lifofane le basebetsi ba bang ba sefofane. Litsebi tsa kelello tsa lifofane li boetse li etsa lipatlisiso ka polokeho ea lifofane, ho ntlafatsa thepa e ncha ea koetliso, le ho thusa basebetsi ba loketseng
Ka mohlala, setsebi sa kelello sa lifofane se ka 'na sa khetha kapa sa ba le liteko tsa kelello tse sebelisetsoang ho kenya likopo ho batho ba kenyang lifofane. Ka lebaka la boikutlo bo khethehileng le bo tsotehang ba mosebetsi, ke habohlokoa ho khetha batho ba phelang hantle, ba tsitsitseng le ba nang le bokhoni ba ho sebetsana ka katleho le khatello e matla. Litsebi tsa kelello tsa lifofane li sebelisa tsebo ea tsona ea kelello ho tiisa hore ke batho feela ba molemo ka ho fetisisa ba khethiloeng bakeng sa mesebetsi ena e boima.
Litsebi tsa kelello tsa lifofane li ka boela tsa sebetsa le litsebi tse ling tse kenyeletsang baenjiniere le lisosa tsa batho tsa kelello ho etsa likarolo tse sa tšoaneng tsa lifofane tse kang li-cabins kapa lifofane tsa sefofaneng. Ka ho hlahloba kelello ea batho nakong ea ho qaptjoa, litsebi tsa kelello li ka thusa ho tiisa hore lihlahisoa tsena li hlahisoa ka ho lemoha, ho ela hloko , ho hopola le tse ling tse nang le bokhoni ka kelellong.
Li-biopsychologists
Litsebi tsena tsa kelello li boetse li bitsoa li-psychologist kapa litsebi tsa kelello. Ba ithuta le ho etsa lipatlisiso bokong le boitšoarong. Ka ho hlahloba mekhoa e metle ea boitšoaro, li-biopsychologists li khona ho utloisisa lintlha tse fapaneng tsa likokoana-hloko tse ka 'nang tsa ama tsela eo batho ba nahanang, ba ikutloang ka eona le ho nka khato.
Mofuta ona oa setsebi sa kelello a ka 'na a boela a batlisisa kamoo lefu la boko le kotsi li amang boitšoaro kateng. Ka ho utloisisa hamolemo hore na batho ba angoa joang ke likotsi le maloetse a joalo, bafuputsi ba ka boela ba fumana litsela tse ncha tsa ho thibela, ho phekola le ho laola mafu a tebileng a bokooa le mahlomola.
Lingaka tsa Maiketsetso tsa Lingaka
Lingaka tsa mafu a kelello li hlahloba, li hlahloba le ho tšoara batho ba nang le bothata ba kelello le bokuli ba kelello. Ba boetse ba etsa phekolo ea kelello 'me ba etsa merero ea phekolo.
Hangata litsebi tsa kelello tsa bongaka tsa meriana li sebetsa lipetlele, litleliniking tsa bophelo bo botle ba meriana, le mekhoa ea boipheliso Ba koetlisitsoe mekhoeng e fapaneng ea phekolo empa ba ka tseba ka ho khetheha ho sebetsana le mathata a mang kapa ho sebetsa le batho ba itseng. Ka mohlala, setsebi sa kelello ea bongaka se ka 'na sa tsebahala haholo sebakeng se kang ts'oaetso ea lithethefatsi, bophelo ba kelello ea ngoana, bophelo bo botle ba kelello, kapa bophelo bo botle ba kelello.
Le hoja litsebi tsa kelello tsa lingaka li atisa ho sebetsa litulong tsa bongaka, ha li lingaka 'me maemong a mangata li ke ke tsa fana ka meriana .
Litsebi tsa kelello tsa kelello
Litsebi tsa kelello tsa kelello li hlahloba kamoo batho ba nahanang kateng, ho kenyeletsa litaba tse kang ho etsa liqeto le tharollo ea mathata . Mofuta ona oa setsebi sa kelello o thahasella kamoo boko bo sebetsang, ho ithuta, ho boloka, ho hlokomela le ho sebelisa boitsebiso.
Litsebi tsa kelello tsa kelello li ka sebetsana ka litsela tse fapa-fapaneng ho kenyelletsa liunivesithing, litsi tsa lipatlisiso, mehaho ea ho tsosolosa, lipetlele, mekhatlo ea 'muso le mekhoa ea botho. Hangata litsebi tsa lefapha lena li etsa mesebetsi e mengata e kang ho etsa lipatlisiso le ho sebetsa le bakuli.
Joaloka likarolo tse ling tsa kelello, litsebi tsa kelello tsa kelello hangata li khetha ho khetheha sebakeng se itseng se kang mohopolo, ntlafatso ea puo, tlhokomelo, tharollo kapa mathata a ho ithuta.
Litsebi tsa kelello tsa Sechaba
Mofuta ona oa setsebi sa kelello o etsa lipatlisiso ka litaba tsa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba. Ba boetse ba batla ho ruta sechaba le ho ntshetsa pele mananeo a thibelo. Litsebi tsena li tsepamisitse maikutlo ho thusa ho lebisa liphetoho tse ntle maemong a motho ka mong le a sechaba.
U ka fumana litsebi tsa kelello tsa setsebi li sebetsana le maemo a mangata liunivesithing, mekhatlo ea mmuso, mekhatlo ea sechaba, le likhoebo tsa poraefete e le baprofesa, baeletsi, baeletsi ba lipolotiki, batsamaisi ba lenaneo le bafuputsi.
Lipatlisiso sebakeng sena li atisa ho ba le mekhoa e metle 'me li tsepamisitse maikutlo ho ntlafatsa tharollo ea sebele ea lefatse e ka sebelisoang hang-hang. Litsebi tsa kelello tsa sechaba li sebetsa ho sebetsana le mathata a sechaba, ho khothalletsa bophelo bo botle le boiketlo, le ho etsa melao e ntlafatsang bophelo ba batho.
Litsebi tsa Psychologists
Litsebi tsa kelello li bapisa boitšoaro ba mefuta e sa tšoaneng, haholo-holo kamoo liphoofolo le boitšoaro ba batho li fapaneng kateng. Ke hobane'ng ha u ithuta liphoofolo? Hobane ha ho ntse ho totobetse hore ho na le phapang e kholo, ho nahanoa hore lintho tse ling li ka 'na tsa emela' nete bakeng sa mefuta eohle. Ka hona, ho ithuta boitšoaro le likarabo tsa liphoofolo tse kang likhoto le lintja ho ka fana ka litlhaloso ka boitšoaro ba batho hammoho.
Mesebetsi e joalo e ipakile e le ea bohlokoa historing eohle ea histori ea kelello. Mosebetsi oa Thorndike le likatse , mosebetsi oa Pavlov le lintja , le mosebetsi oa Skinner ka maeba ke mehlala ea kamoo ho ithuta boitšoaro ba liphoofolo ho lebisitseng tlholisong e sebetsang ho batho.
Bareki ba litsebi tsa kelello
E boetse e tsejoa e le ho rekisa litsebi tsa kelello, litsebi tsa kelello tsa bareki li etsa lipatlisiso tsa boitšoaro ba bareki le ho ntshetsa pele maano a ho hokisa likhoebo Mofuta ona oa setsebi sa kelello o ameha ho thusang likhoebo hore li utloisise hantle hore na ke eng e etsang hore bareki ba reke lihlahisoa le litšebeletso.
Ba etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le hore na bareki ba arabela joang melaetsa ea ho rekisa, ba hlahloba mekhoa ea ho etsa liqeto , le ho batlisisa karolo eo maikutlo a e bapang ho reka liqeto. Litsebi tsena li thusa likhoebo ho ntshetsa pele melaetsa ea ho phatlalatsa, ho khetholla bamameli, ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse ipiletsang ho bareki ba itseng, le ho ithuta ka maikutlo a mabapi le lihlahisoa le lihlahisoa le liphetoho. Ba phetha mesebetsi ena ka ho hlahloba lipatlisiso tsa 'maraka, liteko, litekanyetso tsa tlhaho le lihlopha tsa lihlopha tsa bareki.
Ho eletsa litsebi tsa kelello
Litsebi tsa kelello tsa kelello li fana ka kelello ea kelello ho batho ba nang le khathatso ea kelello, mathata a boitšoaro, mathata a maikutlo, khatello ea kelello le lintlha tse amanang le tsona. Litsebi tsena li arolelana mekhoa e mengata e tloaelehileng le litsebi tsa kelello tsa bongaka. Ka bobeli li fana ka kelello ea mafu , hangata e sebetsana le maemo a bophelo bo botle ba kelello, 'me e ka iketsetsa ka molao hore ke "litsebi tsa kelello tse nang le tumello" sebakeng leha e le sefe US
Litsebi tsa litsebi tsa litsebi tsa litsebi
Mofuta ona oa setsebi sa kelello o shebile hore na batho ba fapana hokae litso le hore na meetlo ea bona e ama boitšoaro joang. Ba atisa ho hlahloba hore na likarolo tse fapaneng tsa boitšoaro li ka 'na tsa e-ba tsa bokahohleng kapa tsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng litsoeng tse sa tšoaneng. Bakeng sa mehlala, litsebi tsa kelello tsa litsebi tsa litsebi tsa setso li ka 'na tsa batlisisa kamoo mekhoa ea botsoali e fapaneng kateng le litloaelo tsa batho ba kopaneng le litloaelo tsa batho ka bomong hammoho le hore na phapang ena ea ho hōlisa e susumetsa boitšoaro ba batho ba baholo joang.
Litsebi tsa Thuto ea Mahlale
Litsebi tsa kelello tse nts'etsopele li etsa lipatlisiso tsa nts'etsopele ea batho ho pholletsa le bophelo bohle Ba bang ba lebisa tlhokomelo nako e khethehileng e kang bongoaneng , bocha, botsofali, kapa botsofali. Litsebi tsena li ka etsa mesebetsi e kang ho hlahloba bana ba ka 'nang ba e-ba le nako ea tsoelo-pele kapa bokooa, ho batlisisa litaba tse amanang le botsofali, le ho ithuta kamoo litsebo tsa puo li fumanoang kateng.
Ba bang ba litsebi tsa kelello ba nts'etsopele ba ka 'na ba tsepamisa maikutlo lipatlisisong mme ba eketsa kutloisiso ea rona ea litaba tse tsoelang pele tse ka hlahang bophelong bohle Litsebi tse ling li ka 'na tsa etsa mosebetsi o sebelisitsoeng le bareki ba hlokang thuso ho sebetsana le litaba tsa tsoelo-pele.
Litsebi tsa kelello tsa thuto
Litsebi tsena tsa kelello li ithuta kamoo batho ba ithutang kateng le mokhoa oa thuto. Sena se ka 'na sa akarelletsa ho ntlafatsa maano a ho ruta le mekhoa ea ho ruta. Litsebi tse ling tsa kelello tsa thuto li ithuta ho ba le bokooa kapa ho holofala.
Mofuta ona oa setsebi sa kelello o shebile kamoo likamano, likamano le maikutlo li amang tsela ea ho ithuta kateng. Litsebi tse ling lefapheng lena li ikarabella ho khetholla le ho sebetsana le mathata a ka 'nang a sitisa bana hore ba ithute. Ba bang ba ikemiselitse ho etsa lipatlisiso ka mokhoa ona oa ho ithuta, ha ba bang ba ka 'na ba tsepamisa maikutlo ho theha lithupelo tse fanang ka lisebelisoa tse fokotsang liphello tsa thuto.
Boenjiniere ba litsebi tsa kelello
Litsebi tsa kelello tsa kelello li tsepamisitse maikutlo ho fumana litsela tsa ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba batho ka ho ntlafatsa mechine, lisebelisoa, thekenoloji le libaka tsa mosebetsi. Le hoja ba bang ba ka 'na ba tsepamisa maikutlo lipatlisisong tse ling tsa motheo, hangata sena ke tšimo e sebelisitsoeng haholo. Litsebi tsa kelello tsa kelello li sebetsa ho rarolla mathata a lefatše la sebele le ho hlahisa tharollo e ka ba le mekhoa e sebetsang bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi.
Ka mohlala, litsebi tsa lefapha lena li ka ba le boikarabelo ba ho ntlafatsa theknoloji e ka sebelisoang indastering ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo ho thusa bakuli hore ba hlaphoheloe ka potlako. Li boetse li thusa ho theha le ho ntlafatsa lihlahisoa tseo batho ba li sebelisang letsatsi le leng le le leng ho akarelletsa le liselefouno le likoloi.
Litsebi tsa kelello tsa tikoloho
Litsebi tsa kelello tsa tikoloho li hlahloba kamano pakeng tsa batho le tikoloho ea bona, ho kenyelletsa tikoloho ea tlhaho hammoho le libaka tse entsoeng. Sena se ka 'na sa akarelletsa ho sebetsa merero ea polokeho, ho thusa ho sireletsa mefuta ea liphoofolo tse kotsing, le ho batlisisa litsela tsa ho emisa ho futhumala ha lefatše. Litsebi tsena li ka 'na tsa sebetsa e le bafuputsi ho ithuta hore na batho ba na le tšusumetso efe libakeng tsa bona. Litsebi tse ling tsa kelello tsa tikoloho li boetse li sebetsa mmuso ho bopa melao ea tikoloho.
Forensic Psychologists
Litsebi tsa kelello tsa litsebi tsa mahlale li lebisa tlhokomelo kamanong pakeng tsa kelello le molao. Sena se ka 'na sa akarelletsa ho ba moeletsi litabeng tsa tlōlo ea molao kapa likhohlano tsa lehae, ho etsa litekanyetso tsa tlhokomelo ea bana, le ho fana ka litšebeletso tsa kelello ho bahlaseluoa ba tlōlo ea molao.
Ka lebaka la litšoantšo tse ratoang lifiliming le mananeong a thelevishene, thahasello tšimong ena e eketsehile haholo lilemong tsa morao tjena. Le hoja lipapiso tsena tsa setso sa pop li atisa ho hlalosa setsebi sa kelello ea ba nang le phihlelo e le sepheo se sebetsang ho tšoara linokoane, batho ba nang le litsebi tsa kelello ba sebetsang hantle ba etsa mesebetsi e kang ho hlahloba batlōli ba bana le ba baholo ba kotsing ea ho tsosolosoa, ho sebetsana le lipaki tsa bana, ho hlahloba bokhoni ba ho qosa le ho fana ka litsebi bopaki ka lekhotleng.
Bophelo bo botle ba litsebi tsa kelello
Litsebi tsa kelello tsa bophelo bo botle li itšetlehile ka hore na maikutlo a kelello, baeloji, lihlopha tsa sechaba, le boitšoaro li susumetsa botle, boloetse le bophelo bo botle. Ba sebetsa le bareki ho thusa ho ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle le ho ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello le 'meleng.
Litsebi tse ling lefapheng lena li etsa mosebetsi oa litliniki moo li hlahlobang le ho tšoara bareki ba batlang thuso ka litaba tse fapaneng tsa bophelo bo botle. Sena se ka 'na sa akarelletsa ho fana ka phekolo ea kelello, ho fana ka litekanyetso tse sa tšoaneng tsa kelello, ho ruta batho ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho sebetsana ka katleho, le ho ruta bareki ka boitšoaro bo botle.
Li-Psychologists tsa Indasteri-Mokhatlo
IO litsebi tsa kelello li hlahloba boits'oaro ba mosebetsing joaloka ho khetha basebetsi ba molemo ka ho fetisisa mesebetsing e khethehileng le ho eketsa tlhahiso ea basebetsi. Setsebi sa kelello sa IO se ka 'na sa sebelisa tsebo ea hae ea melao-motheo ea kelello ho qapa litekanyetso ho batho ba khethiloeng bakeng sa mesebetsi e khethehileng ea mosebetsi.
Ba ka boela ba fuoa boikarabelo ba ho ntlafatsa mananeo a koetliso bakeng sa basebeletsi ba teng e le ho eketsa tsebo, ho ntlafatsa bokhoni le ho fokotsa kotsi. IO litsebi tsa kelello li boetse li kōptjoa hore li hlahlobe likhoebo tsa boemo bo hlophisitsoeng le ho batla litsela tse ncha tsa ho theola litšenyehelo, ho ntlafatsa bokhoni, le ho eketsa khotsofalo ea basebeletsi le ts'ireletso.
Litsebi tsa Mahlale a Masole
Litsebi tsa kelello tsa masole li sebelisa mokhoa oa kelello libakeng tsa sesole. Sena se ka kenyelletsa lintho tse kang ho tšoara masole a nang le lefu la kelello kapa khatello ea maikutlo, ho etsa lipatlisiso likarolong tse fapaneng tsa bophelo ba sesole le ho thusa masole ho khutlela bophelong ba sechaba.
Litsebi tse ling tsa kelello tsa masole li lebisa tlhokomelo ea ho etsa phekolo ea kelello ka har'a makala a fapaneng a sesole, athe ba bang ba sebelisa tsebo ea bona ea kelello ea batho le boitšoaro ba bona mabapi le ho ngolisa, ho loantša khatello ea kelello, koetliso, ho etsa liqeto le boetapele.
Botho ba litsebi tsa kelello
Botho ba litsebi tsa kelello ba ithuta likarolo tse fapaneng tsa botho le hore na litšobotsi tsa batho ka bomong li ama bophelo ba motho le boitšoaro ba hae joang. Bafuputsi lefapheng la botho ba kelello ba na le thahasello ho lihlooho tse fapa-fapaneng tse ka ba le mekhoa bophelong ba letsatsi le leng le le leng.
Ka mohlala, ba ka 'na ba ithuta kamoo botho bo bōpang kateng le hore na bo ka fetoha . Ba ka 'na ba boela ba batlisisa hore na litšoaneleho tse itseng tsa botho li amana joang le maloetse kapa mathata a itseng, kamoo botho bo susumetsang liqeto tseo batho ba li etsang, le lintho tse ngata tse tlatsetsang ntlafatso ea botho.
Litsebi tsa litsebi tsa sekolo
Litsebi tsa kelello tsa sekolo li thusa bana ho sebetsana ka katleho le mathata a maikutlo, a thuto, a sechaba le a boitšoaro sekolong. Bo-rakhoebo ba sebetsang lefapheng lena la kelello ba phetha karolo ea bohlokoa tsamaisong ea thuto, ka tloaelo ba sebelisana le batsoali, matichere, liithuti le basebeletsi ba bang ba sekolo ho netefatsa hore tikoloho ea thuto e phetse hantle, e sireletsehile, e tšehetsa ebile e hlahisa litholoana.
Bana ba nang le bothata ba mofuta o itseng, ebang ke boitšoaro, maikutlo, kapa thuto ea tlhaho, ba ka sebetsana le setsebi sa kelello sekolo ho tla le moralo o atlehang oa ho sebetsana le bothata. Litsebi tsa kelello tsa sekolo li fana ka tataiso e tobileng kapa boitšoaro ha ho hlokahala, kapa e ka fana ka ts'ehetso le keletso ho liithuti tse hlokang motho ea buang le eena.
Litsebi tsa kelello tsa tsa bophelo
Litsebi tsa kelello tsa bophelo ba bophelo li ithuta boitšoaro ba lihlopha ho kenyeletsa hore na batho ba itšoara joang litabeng tsa sechaba le hore na lihlopha li ama boitšoaro ba batho joang Setsebi sa kelello sechabeng se ka 'na sa batlisisa lihlooho tse fapa-fapaneng tse akarelletsang maikutlo , khethollo , puisano, likamano tsa batho ba bang, khatello le kholiseho .
Bakeng sa litsebi tse ling, sena se akarelletsa ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa mantlha tse reretsoeng ho eketsa kutloisiso ea rona ea boitšoaro. Maemong a mang, litsebi tsa kelello tsa sechaba li sebelisa tsebo ea bona le tsebo ea bona ho susumetsa boitšoaro ba batho e le hore li hlahise lihlopha tse phetseng hantle le tse atlehang.
Joalokaha u ka bona litlhaloso tsena tse khutšoanyane, ho na le mefuta e mengata ea kelello ea kelello le litsebi tsa kelello tse tsepamisisang maikutlo mekhoeng e fapa-fapaneng ea boitšoaro. Haeba u ntse u nahanne ka mosebetsi oa kelello, leka lipotso tsa rona ho fumana hore na khetho ea mosebetsi oa kelello ke eng e molemo ka ho fetisisa ho uena.
> Mehloli:
> American Psychological Association. Psychology ea Tikoloho e Etsa Lefatše le Molemo.
> Greenberg, G. Psychology e bapisa le Ethology. Sebopeho sa Maiketsetso le Mahlale a Lipatlisiso . Mokhatlo oa American Psychological Association. 2010.
> Mokhatlo oa Phuputso le Khato ea Sechaba. Sepheo sa Psychology ke Eng? 2017.