Buka ea Diagnostic and Statistical of Disental Disorders e sebelisoa ke lingaka le lingaka tsa mafu ho hlahloba maloetse a kelello. Ka 2013, ho ile ha lokolloa phetolelo e ncha e tsejoang e le DSM-5. DSM e hatisitsoe ke Mokhatlo oa American Psychiatric Association mme e akaretsa mefuta eohle ea mathata a bophelo ba kelello ho batho ba baholo le bana. DSM e sebelisoa ho pharaletseng United States bakeng sa ho hlahlojoa ke mafu a kelello, litlhahiso tsa phekolo le merero ea ho fana ka litšebeletso tsa inshorense.
Buka ena ha e na taba ebile e tsepamisitse maikutlo haholo ka ho hlalosa matšoao hammoho le lipalo-palo tse mabapi le hore na ho na le bothata ba mofuta ofe bo bakoang ke lefu lena, tloaelo ea ho qala, liphello tsa phekolo le mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea phekolo.
Lisebelisoa tsa DSM
Buka ea Diagnostic le Statistical e ntlafalitsoe ka makhetlo a mangata historing ea eona.
- 1952: DSM-I
- 1968: DSM-II
- 1974: Seboka sa DSM-II
- 1984: DSM-III
- 1987: DSM-III-R
- 1994: The DSM-IV
- 2000: DSM-IV-TR
- 2013: DSM-5
Phetolelo e ncha ka ho fetisisa ea DSM e phatlalalitsoe ka May ea 2013. Phetolelo ena e ile ea fanoa ka puisano e kholo le tse ling tse ferekano.
Taba e kholo le DSM e se e tiile. Ka lebaka la sena, NIMH e phatlalalitse morero oa Lits'oants'o Tsa Boitsebiso Bocha (RDOC) ho fetola ho hlahlojoa ka ho kenyelletsa liphatsa tsa lefutso, litšoantšo, saense ea tsebo le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tlhahiso-pele ho beha motheo oa mokhoa o mocha oa lihlopha tseo ba ikutloang hore o tla li etsa ka bongata.
Hamorao, mookameli oa NIMH, Thomas R. Insel, o ile a fana ka polelo e kopanetsoeng le mopresidente oa American Psychiatric Association Jeffrey A. Lieberman a hlokomela hore DSM-5 "... e bolela boitsebiso bo molemo ka ho fetisisa bo teng hona joale bakeng sa ho hlahlojoa ke mafu a kelello." Mantsoe ana a tsoela pele ho fana ka maikutlo a hore tsamaiso ea DSM-5 le ea NIMH, Mekhoa ea Lipatlisiso ea Matla a Lipatlisiso (kapa RDoC), e emela "tlhabollo, e seng e phelisanang, mekhatlo" bakeng sa ho khetholla mafu a kelello.
Moprofesa oa DSM-5: The DSM-IV-TR
DSM-IV e qalile ho hatisoa ka 1994 'me e thathamisitse mathata a kelello a fetang 250. Phetolelo e nchafalitsoeng, e bitsoang DSM-IV-TR, e hatisitsoe ka 2000 'me e na le litlhaloso tse nyenyane tsa litemana tse hlalositsoeng ka bothata bo bong le bo bong. Bafani ba bophelo bo botle ba kelello ba sebelisitse buka ena ho utloisisa hantle litlhoko tsa mantlha tsa moahloli hammoho le sesebelisoa sa ho hlahloba le ho hlahlojoa.
DSM-IV-TR e hlalosa mathata a sebelisa mefuta e mehlano e fapaneng.
Mokhoa ona oa li-multiaxial o ne o reretsoe ho thusa lingaka le lingaka tsa mafu a kelello ho etsa litekanyetso tse pharaletseng tsa boemo ba basebeletsi hobane mafu a kelello a atisa ho ama libaka tse fapaneng tsa bophelo.
- Mohlala oa I : Meriana ea Clinical Syndromes
Sehlopha sena se hlalositse matšoao a kliniki a bakang tšenyo e khōlō. Mathata a ne a arotsoe likarolong tse sa tšoaneng tse kang mathata a maikutlo a mabeli, mathata a ho tšoenyeha kapa mathata a ho ja. - Axis II: Boitšoaro le Tlhaselo ea kelello
Sehlopha sena se hlalositse mathata a nako e telele mesebetsing e neng e sa nkoa e le mathata a khethollang Axis I. Mathata a botho a baka mathata a bohlokoa ho seo mokuli a se amanelang le lefats'e mme o kenyeletsa bothata ba ho ba le batho ba sa rataneng le lefu la botho ba histori . Matšoao a kelello a khetholloa ke ho holofala ha kelello le litšenyehelo likarolong tse ling tse kang tsebo ea boithati le tse ling.
- Axis III: Maemo a Bongaka
Tsena li ne li kenyelletsa maemo a 'meleng le a bongaka a amang kapa a mpefala ho feta Axis 1 le Axis II. Mehlala e meng e kenyeletsa likotsi tsa HIV / AIDS le tsa boko. - Khokahano ea IV: Mathata a kelello le tikoloho
Mathata leha e le afe a sechaba kapa a tikoloho a ka 'nang a ama mathata a Axis I kapa Axis II a tlalehiloe ho sena. Tsena li kenyelletsa lintho tse kang ho hloka mosebetsi, ho fallela, tlhalo, kapa lefu la moratuoa. - Axis V: Tlhahlobo ea Lefatše ea Mosebetsi
Sehlopha sena se ile sa lumella ngaka hore e lekanyetse boemo ba kakaretso ba mookameli. Ho itšetlehile ka tlhahlobo ena, lingaka li ka utloisisa hantle hore na likhahla tse ling tse 'nè li kopane joang le phello ea bophelo ba motho ka mong.
Liphetoho DSM-5
DSM-5 e na le liphetoho tse ngata tsa bohlokoa ho tloha DSM-IV e fetileng. Phetoho e totobetseng ka ho fetisisa ke ho fetoha ho tloha ho sebelisa lipalo tsa Roma ho linomoro tsa Searabia.
Mohlomong ka ho khetheha, DSM-5 e felisitse tsamaiso ea li-axis, ho e-na le hoo e thathamisa mefuta ea mathata le mathata a fapaneng a amanang le 'ona. Mehlala e meng ea likarolo tse kenyeletsang DSM-5 e kenyeletsa mathata a ho tšoenyeha, lefu la ho ferekanya maikutlo le mathata a amanang le lona, mathata a tepeletseng, ho fepa le ho kula, mathata a mangata le a mang a amanang le a botho.
Liphetoho tse ling tse seng kae ho DSM-5:
- Mathata a Asperger a ile a tlosoa 'me a kenngoa tlas'a sehlopha sa mathata a autism spectrum.
- Ho senyeha ha maikutlo ho senyeha ha maikutlo ho ile ha eketsoa, karolo e itseng ho fokotsa ho hlahlojoa ho eketsehileng ha mathata a bipolar a bongoaneng.
- Liphuputso tse 'maloa li ile tsa kenngoa ka molao bukeng ena ho kopanyelletsa le bothata ba ho ja likokoana-hloko, ho laola bothata le ho kula ha motho pele ho nako
Le hoja DSM e le sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa, ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ke feela ba fumaneng koetliso e ikhethang le ba nang le phihlelo e lekaneng ba tšoanelehang ho hlahloba le ho phekola mafu a kelello . Buka ena ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hlahlojoa le kalafo, empa litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello li sebelisa DSM ho khetholla bakuli bakeng sa merero ea ho lefella. Feela joalokaha ho e-na le maemo a mang a bophelo, mmuso le batho ba bangata ba inshorense ba hloka ho hlahlojoa ka tsela e tobileng e le hore ba amohele tefo ea phekolo.
Ithute ho eketsehileng ka liphetoho tse kholo tsa DSM-5 linthong tse latelang:
- Bipolar Disorder e DSM-5
- Litemoso tsa DSM-5 bakeng sa Mathata a ho Sebelisa Mesebetsi
- Litemoso tsa DSM-5 bakeng sa Matšoenyeho a Tloaelehileng a ho Tšoenyeha
- Li-DSM-5 Liphetoho tsa ho Tepella Maikutlo li hlahloba
- Ho lemoha PTSD ho DSM-5
Litlhahiso
Mokhatlo oa Maiketsetso oa Amerika. (2013). Buka ea ho hlahloba le ea lipalo-palo ea mathata a kelello (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Mongoli.
Mokhatlo oa Maiketsetso oa Amerika. (2013). Lintlha-khōlō tsa liphetoho tse tsoang DSM-IV-TR ho DSM-5. Phetolelo ea Psychiatric ea Amerika. E khutlisitsoe ho http://www.dsm5.org/documents/changes%20from%20dsm-iv-tr%20to%20dsm-5.pdf.
Mokhatlo oa Maiketsetso oa Amerika. (2000). Buka ea ho hlahloba le ea lipalo-palo ea mafu a kelello (4th ed., Text rev.). Washington, DC: Mongoli.
Insel, T. (2013). Blog ea Motsamaisi: Ho Fetola Tlhahlobo. Setsi sa Sechaba sa Bophelo ba kelello. E khutliselitsoe ho http://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/director/2013/transforming-diagnosis.shtml
Insel, TR, & Lieberman, JA (2013). DSM-5 le RDoC: Lithahasello tse arolelanoeng. Setsi sa Sechaba sa Bophelo ba kelello. E khutliselitsoe ho http://www.nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/2013/dsm-5-and-rdoc-shared-interests.shtml.