Matšoao a Sebelisetsoang ho Hlahloba Mathata a ho Sebelisa Matla
Buka ea "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Khatiso ea Bohlano," e atisang ho bitsoa DSM-V kapa DSM 5, ke phetolelo ea morao-rao e ngotsoeng ka khauta ea Standard Psychiatric Association ea mabitso, matšoao, le likarolo tsa mehopolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e tsejoang boloetse-ho akarelletsa le ho lemalla.
Mekhoa ea DSM-V ea mathata a tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi e thehiloe ka lipatlisiso tse mashome le tsebo ea bongaka.
Khatiso ena e ile ea hatisoa ka May 2013, hoo e ka bang lilemo tse 20 ka mor'a khatiso ea pele ea khatiso ea pele, ea DSM-IV, ka 1994.
Mathata a ho Sebelisa Lijo ke afe?
DSM-V e lemoha mathata a amanang le lithethefatsi a bakoang ke ho sebelisa lihlopha tse 10 tse fapaneng tsa lithethefatsi: joala; caffeine; khalase; holoucinogens (phencyclidine kapa liketso tse tšoanang tsa arylcyclohexylamines, le li-hallucinogens tse ling, tse kang LSD); inhalants; li-opioids; li-sedative, hypnotics, kapa anxiolytics; li-stimulants (ho akarelletsa le lintho tse kang amphetamine, mofuta oa k'hok'heine le tse ling tse susumetsang); koae; le lintho tse ling kapa tse sa tsejoeng. Ka hona, le hoja lihlopha tse ling tse kholo tsa lisebelisoa tsa psychoactive li tsejoa ka ho khetheha, tšebeliso ea lintho tse ling kapa tse sa tsejoeng le tsona li ka theha motheo oa lefu le amanang le lithethefatsi kapa la meriana .
Ts'ebetsong ea tsamaiso ea boko ke bohareng ba mathata a bakoang ke tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi ; boikutlo bo thabisang boo batho ba nang le bona ka lebaka la ho noa lithethefatsi bo ka ba bo tebileng hoo ba hlokomolohang mesebetsi e meng e tloaelehileng e le hore ba nke lithethefatsi.
Le hoja mekhoa ea litlhare tsa sehlopha se seng le se seng sa lithethefatsi e fapane, ts'ebetsong ea tsamaiso ea ts'ebetso e ts'oana le lintho tsohle tse hlahisang maikutlo a monate kapa thabo, e atisang ho bitsoa "e phahameng".
DSM-V e lemoha hore batho ha ba itšireletse ka bobona kapa ba ts'oaetsoe ka ho lekaneng ho hlahisa mathata a amanang le lithethefatsi le hore batho ba bang ba na le mekhoa e tlaase ea boitšoaro e ba susumelletsang hore ba hlahise mathata ha ba pepese lithethefatsi.
Ho na le lihlopha tse peli tsa mathata a amanang le lithethefatsi: Mathata a ho sebelisa lithethefatsi le mathata a bakoang ke lithethefatsi. Mathata a sebelisoang ke lithethefatsi ke litsela tsa matšoao a bakoang ke tšebeliso ea ntho eo u tsoelang pele ho e nka, ho sa tsotellehe mathata a bakoang ke seo. Mathata a bakoang ke lintho, ho kopanyelletsa le joala, ho tlosoa, le mathata a mang a kelello a bakoang ke lithethefatsi, a qaqisitsoe haufi le mathata a ho sebelisoa ha lithethefatsi.
Litlhahiso tsa Mathata a ho Sebelisa Matla
Matšeliso a sebelisoang ke tšebeliso ea mathata a bakoa ke mathata a fapa-fapaneng a hlahang ho sebelisoa ha lithethefatsi, 'me a koahela litekanyetso tse 11 tse fapaneng:
- Ho nka thepa ka bongata bo boholo kapa ka nako e teletsana ho feta kamoo u reretsoeng kateng.
- Ho batla ho fokotsa kapa ho khaotsa ho sebelisa ntho eo empa u se ke ua e laola.
- Ho qeta nako e ngata ho sebelisa, ho sebelisa, kapa ho hlaphoheloa ho sebelisoa ha ntho eo.
- Litakatso le ho khothalletsa ho sebelisa sesebelisoa sena.
- Ha u na boikarabelo ba ho etsa seo u lokelang ho se etsa mosebetsing, lapeng, kapa sekolong ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi.
- Ho tsoelapele ho sebelisa, esita le ha e bakisa mathata likamanong.
- Ho fana ka mesebetsi ea bohlokoa ea sechaba, mosebetsi, kapa boithabiso ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi.
- Ho sebelisa lintho hangata, esita le ha ho u beha kotsing.
- Ho tsoelapele ho sebelisa, esita le ha u tseba hore u na le bothata ba 'mele kapa kelellong bo ka beng bo bakoa kapa bo fetisitsoe ke ntho eo.
- Ho hlophisa lintho tse ling ho fumana phello eo ue batlang (mamello).
- Ntlafatso ea matšoao a ho khaotsa, a ka imolohang ka ho nka lisebelisoa tse ngata.
Bohloko ba Matšoao a ho Sebelisa Mesebetsi
DSM-V e lumella lingaka hore li hlalose hore na bothata bo boholo kapa bo bongata ba bothata ba ho sebelisa lithethefatsi ke eng, ho itšetlehile ka hore na matšoao a mangata a khetholloa. Matšoao a mabeli kapa a mararo a bontša mokhoa o bonolo oa ho sebelisa lithethefatsi; Matšoao a mabeli kapa a mahlano a bontša hore ho na le bothata ba ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tse itekanetseng, 'me matšoao a tšeletseng kapa a fetang a bontšang boloetse bo matla ba ho sebelisa lithethefatsi Lingaka li ka boela tsa eketsa " ts'oarelo ea nakoana ," "ho tšoareloa ho sa feleng," "phekolo ea tlhokomelo," le "tikolohong e laoloang."
Ho noa joala
Ho noa joala, sehlopha sa mathata a bakoang ke lithethefatsi, ts'oaetso ea matšoao ao batho ba nang le 'ona ha ba "phahametse" lithethefatsi. Mathata a ho noa joala a kenyelletsa:
- Ho noa joala
- Ho noa joala ho Cocaine
- Ho noa joala Methamphetamine (tse susumetsang)
- Heroin inxication (opioids)
- Ho noa joala (ho noa joala ho holocinogen kapa "leeto la acid")
- Ho noa joala ho tlōla
Mathata / Meriana-e Akaretsang Mathata a Kelello
Mathata a kelello a bakoang ke meriana / meriana ke mathata a kelello a hlahang ho batho ba neng ba e-na le mathata a bophelo ba kelello pele ba sebelisa lisebelisoa, mme ba kenyeletsa:
- Boloetse ba kelello bo bakoang ke ntho
- Ho ba le maikutlo a ferekanyang maikutlo a bakoang ke ntho le mathata a amanang le 'ona
- Mathata a bakoang ke ho tepella maikutlo
- Mathata a bakoang ke ho tšoenyeha ha lintho
- Mathata a bakoang ke ho qhekella-le a mangata a amanang le lintho
- Mathata a ho robala a bakoang ke 'mele
- Mathata a ho kopanela liphate a bakoang ke ntho
- Delirium e entsoeng ke ntho
- Mathata a bakoang ke tšoaetso ea kelello
Lentsoe le Tsoang ho
Haeba u nahana hore u ka ba le bothata ba ho sebelisa lithethefatsi kapa boloetse bo bakoang ke lithethefatsi, bona ngaka ea hau. O ka 'na a hloka ho u fetisetsa ho setsebi kapa tleliniki ea lithethefatsi ho fumana hore na u na le lefu la kelello le neng le e-s'o le teng le hore u fumane bonnete ba hore o fumana mofuta o nepahetseng oa phekolo.
Mathata a sa sebeliseng ho sebelisoa ha lithethefatsi a ka ba kotsi bophelong ba hau, likamano tsa hau le bophelo ba hau ka kakaretso. Ba ka ba ba bolaea, kahoo fumana thuso ho ts'ebetsong ho ea pele.
> Mohloli
- > Mokhatlo oa Maiketsetso oa Amerika. Buka ea Tlhahlobo le Tlhahlobo ea Mathata a Mental-DSM 5. New York: Mokhatlo oa Mahlale oa Amerika, 2013.