Ho Hlahloba ka ho Fetisisa "Khatello ea Boraro" Psychology
Philosofi ea tlhaho ke maikutlo a totobatsang ho sheba motho ka mong le maikutlo a sithabetsang a kang bolokolohi ba ho ikhethela, ho iponahatsa hantle, le ho itlhahisa. Ho e-na le ho tsepamisa mohopolo ho se sebetsang hantle, kelello ea batho e leka ho thusa batho ho phethahatsa bokhoni ba bona le ho ntlafatsa boiketlo ba bona.
Philosofi ea tlhaho, e atisang ho bitsoa botho ba batho, e hlahile nakong ea bo-1950 e le karabelo ea psychoanalysis le boitšoaro bo neng bo laoloa ke kelello ka nako eo.
Psychoanalysis e ne e tsepamisitse maikutlo tabeng ea ho utloisisa lintho tse sa hlokeng tsebo tse khanna boitšoaro ha boitšoaro ba boitšoaro bo ntse bo ithuta mekhoa ea boipheliso e hlahisang boitšoaro.
Litsebi tsa Humanist li na le maikutlo a hore bokooa ba kelello le boitšoaro bo bobe bo ne bo se na tšepo, ebang bo lebisa tlhokomelo maemong a bohloko ka ho fetisisa kapa ho se nahane ka karolo ea khetho ea botho.
Leha ho le joalo, ha ho hlokahale ho nahana ka likolo tse tharo tsa monahano e le lihlopha tsa tlhōlisano. Lekala le leng le le leng la psychology le tlatselitse kutloisisong ea rona ea kelello ea motho le boitšoaro ba hae. Philosofi ea tlhaho e kentse ntlha e 'ngoe e nkang pono e kholo ea motho ka mong.
Sepheo sa Mantlha sa Boiketlo ba Batho ke Eng?
Ha e ntse e e-ba teng, kelello ea batho e ne e tsepamisitse bokhoni ba motho e mong le e mong 'me e hatisa bohlokoa ba ho hōla le ho itlhahisa . Tumelo ea bohlokoa ea maikutlo a batho ke hore batho ba na le bothata bo botle 'me mathata a kelello le a bophelo a bakoa ke ho fapana le mokhoa ona oa tlhaho.
Humanism e boetse e fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba na le mokhatlo o ikemetseng le hore ba susumelletseha ho sebelisa bolokolohi ba ho iketsetsa lintho tse tla ba thusa hore ba finyelle bokhoni ba bona ba botho. Tlhoko ena ea ho phethahala le khōlo ea botho ke motlatsi oa bohlokoa oa boitšoaro bohle. Batho ba tsoela pele ho batla litsela tse ncha tsa ho hōla, ho ba betere, ho ithuta lintho tse ncha, le ho ba le keketseho ea kelello le ho itlhahisa.
Pale e Khutšoanyane ea Boikarabelo ba Batho ba Psychology
Tsoelo-pele e qalang ea kelello ea botho e bile le tšusumetso e kholo ea mesebetsi ea li-theorists tse seng kae tsa bohlokoa, haholo-holo Abraham Maslow le Carl Rogers. Litsebi tse ling tse tummeng tsa batho ba ne ba akarelletsa Rollo May le Erich Fromm.
Ka 1943, Maslow o ile a hlalosa botumo ba hae ba litlhoko tsa "Theory of Motivation" e hatisitsoeng ho Psychological Review. Hamorao ho ella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1950, Abraham Maslow, le lingaka tse ling tsa kelello li ile tsa tšoara liboka ho buisana le ho ntlafatsa mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng o sebelisetsoeng mokhoa oa ho feta oa batho oa thuto ea kelello. Ba lumellane hore lihlooho tse kang ho itlhahisa, bokhoni, ho ikemela, le lihlooho tse amanang le tsona e ne e le lihlooho tse ka sehloohong tsa mokhoa ona o mocha.
Ka 1951, Carl Rogers o ile a hatisa Client-Centered Therapy , e neng e hlalosa mokhoa oa hae oa ho phekola batho, o sebelisoang ke batho. Ka 1961, Journal of Humanistic Psychology e ile ea thehoa.
E ne e le ka 1962 moo Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Humanistic Psychology o thehiloeng 'me ka 1971, kelello ea botho e fetoha karolo ea APA .
Ka 1962, Maslow o ile a phatlalatsoa ho Toward ea Psychology of Being , eo ho eona a hlalositseng kelello ea batho e le "matla a boraro" a kelello. Matla a pele le a bobeli e ne e le boitšoaro bo bobe le ba psychoanalysis.
Phetoho ea Boiketlo ba Batho e na le Tšusumetso Efe?
Mokhatlo oa batho o ne o e-na le tšusumetso e khōlō thupelong ea kelello 'me e tlatsetsa litsela tse ncha tsa ho nahana ka bophelo bo botle ba kelello. E ne e fana ka mokhoa o mocha oa ho utloisisa boitšoaro ba batho le boikemisetso mme o lebisitse ho nts'etsopele mekhoa e mecha le mekhoa e metle bakeng sa psychotherapy .
Tse ling tsa likhopolo le likhopolo tse kholo tse ileng tsa hlaha ka lebaka la mokhatlo oa batho li akarelletsa ho hatisa lintho tse kang:
- Khopolo ea boithati
- Bolaoli bo botle ba litlhoko
- Tlhokomelo e sa nepahalang
- Bolokolohi ba mahala
- Phekolo ea meriana
- Ho iketsetsa pele
- Motho ea sebetsang ka botlalo
- Tlhōrō ea liphihlelo
Matla le Matšoao a Sephiri sa Liphoofolo
E 'ngoe ea matla a maholo a thuto ea botho ke hore e hatisa karolo ea motho ka mong.
Sekolo sena sa kelello se fa batho chelete e ngata ho laola le ho tseba boemo ba bona ba bophelo ba kelello.
Ho boetse ho na le litšusumetso tsa tikoloho. Ho e-na le ho tsepamisa mohopolo feela mehopolong ea rona le litakatsong tsa rona, kelello ea botho ea batho e boetse e bontša hore tikoloho e na le tšusumetso ho liphihlelo tsa rona.
Philosofi ea mekhoa e metle e ile ea thusa ho tlosa tse ling tsa khethollo e entsoeng kalafo 'me ea etsa hore e amohelehe ho batho ba tloaelehileng, ba phetseng hantle ho hlahloba bokhoni ba bona le bokhoni ba bona ka phekolo.
Le hoja kelello ea batho e tsoela pele ho susumetsa phekolo, thuto, tlhokomelo ea bophelo, le libakeng tse ling, ha hoa ka ha e-ba le ho nyatsuoa.
Boikutlo ba kelello ba tlhaho bo atisa ho bonoa e le boikutlo bo ikhethang haholo; bohlokoa ba boiphihlelo ka bomong bo etsa hore ho be thata ho ithuta le ho lekanya liketsahalo tsa batho. Re ka tseba hantle joang haeba motho e mong a itlhahloba? Karabo, ha e le hantle, ke hore ha re khone. Re ka itšetleha feela ka boiphihlelo ba motho ka boeena ba phihlelo ea bona.
Tlhōliso e 'ngoe e kholo ke hore litemoso ha li nahane; ha ho na tsela e nepahetseng ea ho lekanya kapa ho lekanyetsa litšobotsi tsena.
Lentsoe le Tsoang ho
Kajeno, mehopolo e ka sehloohong ea kelello ea botho ea batho e ka bonoa litulong tse ngata tse akarelletsang makala a mang a psychology, thuto, phekolo, mekhatlo ea lipolotiki le libakeng tse ling. Ka mohlala, psychological psychology le boikutlo bo botle ba kelello bo atlehile haholo litabeng tsa botho.
Lipakane tsa kelello ea batho e ntse e le tsa bohlokoa joaloka kajeno lilemong tsa bo-1940 le bo-1950. Philosofi ea tlhaho e leka ho matlafatsa batho ka bomong, ho ntlafatsa boiketlo ba batho, ho susumetsa batho ho phethahatsa bokhoni ba bona, le ho ntlafatsa sechaba sechabeng ka bophara.
> Mehloli:
> Ho lema, T. Tse hlano tsa motheo tsa litsebi tsa kelello tsa botho. Journal of Humanistic Psychology. 2006; 46 (3): 239-239. le: 10.1177 / 002216780604600301
> Schneider, KJ, Pierson, JF, & Bugental, JFT. The Handbook of Humanistic Psychology: Theory, Research, and Practice. Thousand Oaks: CA: SAGE Lingoliloeng; 2015.