Kamoo Maslow's Famous Hierarchy e Hlalosetsang Tšusumetso ea Batho
Ke eng e susumetsang boitšoaro ba batho? Boikarabello ba Maslow ba litlhoko ke e 'ngoe ea likhopolo tse tsejoang ka ho fetisisa tse susumetsang . Ho latela setsebi sa kelello sa batho, Abraham Maslow , liketso tsa rona li susumelletseha ho finyella litlhoko tse itseng.
Ho Hlahloba ka ho Fetisisa Sehlopha sa Masole a Maslow oa Litlhoko
Maslow o ile a qala ka ho hlahisa maikutlo a hae ka bolaoli ba litlhoko tse ngotsoeng pampiring ea hae ea 1943 "Theory of Human Motivation" le buka ea hae e latelang Motivation le Personality . Tsamaiso ena ea bolaoli e fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba susumelletseha ho phethahatsa litlhoko tsa mantlha pele ba fetela ho tse ling, litlhoko tse tsoetseng pele.
Le hoja tse ling tsa likolo tse neng li le teng ka nako eo (tse kang psychoanalysis le boitšoaro ) li ne li atisa ho lebisa tlhokomelo litabeng tse mpe, Maslow o ne a thahasella haholo ho ithuta ka se etsang hore batho ba thabe le lintho tseo ba li etsang ho finyella sepheo seo.
Joaloka motho oa batho , Maslow o ne a lumela hore batho ba na le takatso e tsoaloang ea ho iphelisa, e leng, ho ba bohle ba ka ba teng. E le hore ho finyelloe lipakane tsena tse phahameng, leha ho le joalo, litlhoko tse ling tsa mantlha li lokela ho finyelloa joalo ka tlhokahalo ea lijo, polokeho, lerato le boitlhompho .
Ho na le litekanyetso tse hlano tse fapaneng tsa tlhokahalo ea maslow ea Maslow. A re hlahlobisiseng litlhoko tsa Maslow ho tloha ka tlaase ho moo, tse tsejoang e le litlhoko tsa bophelo.
Ho tloha ho tsa motheo ho ea ho tse ling tse hlokahalang
Makhotla a Maslow a atisa ho bontšoa e le piramite. Methati e tlaase ka ho fetisisa ea piramite e entsoe ka litlhoko tsa mantlha, ha litlhoko tse rarahaneng ka ho fetisisa li ka holim'a piramite.
Litlhoko tse ka tlaase ho piramite ke litlhoko tsa mantlha tsa motheo tse kenyeletsang tlhoko ea lijo, metsi, boroko le mofuthu. Hang ha litlhoko tsena tse tlaase li fumaneha, batho ba ka tsoela pele ho ea litlhoko tse latelang, tse leng tsa ts'ireletso le ts'ireletso.
Ha batho ba ntse ba tsoela pele ka piramite, ba hloka ho ba le ho feta kelellong le sechabeng. Haufinyane, tlhokahalo ea lerato , botsoalle le kamano e haufi-ufi e ba tsa bohlokoa. Ho phaella ka piramite, tlhokahalo ea botho le boikutlo ba katleho e bohlokoa pele.
Joaloka Carl Rogers , Maslow o ile a hatisa bohlokoa ba ho itlhahisa, e leng mokhoa oa ho hōla le ho ntshetsa pele e le motho e le hore a ka finyella bokhoni ba motho ka mong.
Bothata bo Hlokahala le Litlhoko tsa Kholo
Maslow o ne a lumela hore litlhoko tsena li tšoana le tsa tlhaho 'me li phetha karolo e kholo ho susumetsang boitšoaro. Litlhoko tsa tlhaho, ts'ireletseho, sechaba le tlhompho ke tlhoko ea tlhokahalo, e hlahang ka lebaka la ho hloka. Ho khotsofatsa litlhoko tsena tse tlaase ho bohlokoa ke ho qoba maikutlo a mabe kapa liphello tse bohloko.
Maslow o ile a bitsa piramide e phahameng ka ho fetisisa e le litlhoko tsa kgolo. Litlhoko tsena ha li bakoe ke ho haelloa ke ntho, empa ho e-na le takatso ea ho hōla e le motho.
Le hoja khopolo ena e atisa ho hlalosoa e le ea boemong bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa, Maslow o boletse hore taelo eo litlhoko tsena li finyelloang ka eona hase kamehla e latelang mokhoa ona o tsoelang pele. Ka mohlala, o ile a bolela hore ho batho ba bang, tlhokahalo ea ho itšepa e bohlokoa ho feta tlhokahalo ea lerato. Bakeng sa ba bang, tlhokahalo ea ho phethahala ka pōpo e ka finyella litlhoko tsa mantlha.
Litlhoko tsa tlhaho
Lintho tsa mantlha tsa tlhaho tsa 'mele mohlomong li hlakile-tsena li kenyeletsa lintho tse bohlokoa ho pholoha ha rona. Mehlala e meng ea litlhoko tsa bophelo ke:
- Lijo
- Metsi
- Ho hema
- Homeostasis
Ntle le litlhoko tsa mantlha tsa phepo e nepahetseng, taolo ea mocheso le mocheso, litlhoko tsa 'mele li kenyelletsa lintho tse kang bolulo le liaparo. Maslow e boetse e kenyelitse ho hlahisa thobalano le boemo bo botle ho tloha moo ho hlokahalang ho pholosa le ho phatlalatsoa ha mefuta ena.
Litlhoko tsa Tšireletso le Ts'ireletso
Ha re ntse re nyolohela karolong ea bobeli ea litlhoko tsa Maslow, ho hlokahala hore litlhoko tsa rona li be thata haholo. Sebakeng sena, litlhoko tsa ts'ireletso le ts'ireletso li tla ba tsa bohlokoa. Batho ba batla ho laola le ho laola bophelong ba bona, kahoo tlhokahalo ena ea tšireletseho le tšireletseho e tlatsetsa haholo litabeng tsa boitšoaro boemong bona.
Tse ling tsa litlhoko tsa motheo tsa tsireletso le ts'ireletso li kenyelletsa:
- Tšireletso ea lichelete
- Heath le botle
- Ho sireletseha khahlanong le likotsi le kotsi
Ho fumana mosebetsi, ho fumana inshorense ea bophelo bo botle le tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, ho fana ka chelete ho akhaonto ea polokelo, le ho fallela sebakeng se sireletsehileng ke mehlala eohle ea liketso tse susumetsoang ke litlhoko tsa tšireletso le tšireletseho.
Ka bobeli, litekanyetso tsa polokeho le tsa boipheliso tsa bolaoli bo ikemetseng li etsa seo hangata ho thoeng ke litlhoko tsa mantlha.
Litlhoko tsa Sechaba
Litlhoko tsa sechaba sechabeng sa Maslow li akarelletsa lintho tse kang lerato, ho amoheloa le ho ba teng. Maemong ana, tlhoko ea likamano tsa maikutlo e susumetsa boitšoaro ba motho. Tse ling tsa lintho tse khotsofatsang tlhoko ena li kenyeletsa:
- Metsoalle
- Litloaelano tsa lerato
- Lelapa
- Lihlopha tsa sechaba
- Lihlopha tsa sechaba
- Likereke le mekhatlo ea bolumeli
E le hore u qobe mathata a kang bolutu , ho tepella maikutlong le ho tšoenyeha, ke habohlokoa hore batho ba ikutloe ba ratoa le ba amoheloang ke batho ba bang. Likamano tsa botho le metsoalle, lelapa le ba ratang li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa, joalo ka ho kenya letsoho lihlopha tse ling tse ka kenyelletsang lihlopha tsa bolumeli, lihlopha tsa lipapali, lihlopha tsa libuka, le mesebetsi e meng ea sehlopha.
Ho Hlokahala Litlhoko
Ntlheng ea bone mmuso oa Maslow ke tlhokahalo ea kananelo le tlhompho. Ha litlhoko tse ka tlaase ho mararo a mararo li khotsofetse, litlhoko tsa bohlokoa li qala ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa haholo ho susumetsang boitšoaro.
Hona joale, ho ba bohlokoa haholo ho fumana tlhompho le kananelo ea ba bang. Batho ba na le tlhoko ea ho finyella lintho ebe ba etsa boiteko ba bona.
Ho phaella tabeng ea tlhokahalo ea maikutlo a ho finyella le botumo, litlhoko tsa bohlokoa li kenyeletsa lintho tse kang ho itšepa le ho ba le botho. Batho ba lokela ho lemoha hore ba bohlokoa le ba bang 'me ba ikutloa ba ntse ba etsa monehelo lefatšeng. Ho kenya letsoho mesebetsing ea setsebi, katleho ea lithuto, lipapali tsa lipapali kapa lihlopha tsa boithabiso, le lithahasello tsa botho li ka phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho phethahatsa litlhoko tsa bohlokoa.
Batho ba khonang ho khotsofatsa litlhoko tsa bohlokoa ka ho finyella boitlhompho bo botle le ho amoheloa ha ba bang ba atisa ho ikutloa ba kholisehile ka bokhoni ba bona. Ba hlokang boitlhompho le tlhompho ea ba bang ba ka hlaolela maikutlo a ho theoha.
Hammoho, maemo a hlomphehang le sechabeng a etsa se tsejoang e le litlhoko tsa kelello tsa bolaoli bo phahameng.
Litlhoko tsa ho Iketsetsa
Ka tlhōrōng ea bolaoli bo phahameng ba Maslow ke litlhoko tsa ho itlhokomela. "Motho e ka ba motho oa mofuta ofe, o tlameha ho ba," Maslow o hlalositse, a bua ka batho ba hlokahalang ba lokelang ho finyella bokhoni ba bona bo feletseng ba batho.
Ho ea ka tlhaloso ea Maslow ea ho iketsetsa lintho:
"Ho ka 'na ha hlalosoa ka bolokolohi e le tšebeliso e feletseng ea litalenta, bokhoni, bokhoni, joalo-joalo. Batho ba joalo ba bonahala ba itlhompha le ho etsa se molemo ka ho fetisisa seo ba khonang ho se etsa ... Ke batho ba tsoetseng pele kapa ba ntse ba hōla ho fihlela boemong bo feletseng boo ba nang le bona. "
Batho ba itetseng ba itlhokomela , ba amehile ka kholo ea botho, ba sa amehe ka maikutlo a ba bang, ebile ba thahasella ho phethahatsa bokhoni ba bona.
Lits'oants'o tsa Makhotla a Maslow oa Litlhoko
Mantsoe a Maslow a fetohile a ratoang haholo ka hare le ka ntle ho kelello. Masimo a thuto le khoebo a 'nile a susumetsoa ka ho khetheha ke khopolo. Le ha e ntse e tsebahala, khopolo ea Maslow ha e e-s'o ka e nyatsoa.
E ka sehloohong ho tsena:
Lintho Tse Hlokahalang ha li Latelle Boeta-pele ba Boholo-holo
Le hoja lipatlisiso tse ling li bontšitse ts'ehetso ea Maslow, likhopolo tse ngata ha lia khona ho tiisa maikutlo a litlhoko tsa bolaoli. Wahba le Bridwell ba tlaleha hore ho ne ho se na bopaki bo fokolang ba boemo ba Maslow ba litlhoko tsena le bopaki bo fokolang ba hore litlhoko tsena li hlophisitsoe.
Khopolo-taba e Thatafalloa ho Lekoa
Liphuso tse ling tsa thuto ea Maslow li bolela hore tlhaloso ea hae ea ho itlhahisa ho thata ho leka saense. Lipatlisiso tsa hae tsa ho itlhahisa li ne li boetse li thehiloe ho sesebelisoa se fokolang haholo sa batho, ho kenyelletsa le batho bao a ba tsebang hammoho le li-biographies tsa batho ba tummeng bao Maslow a neng a lumela hore ke boiphihlelo ba bona.
Kahoo ke hobane'ng ha ho ne ho e-na le Mookameli oa Maslow oa Maslow o Nang le Tšusumetso e Khōlō?
Ho sa tsotellehe lits'oants'o tsena, tlhokahalo ea basebetsi ba Maslow e emela karolo ea bohlokoa ea phetoho ea kelello. Ho e-na le ho tsepamisa mohopolo boitšoarong bo sa tloaelehang le nts'etsopele, kelello ea Maslow ea botho e lebisitse tlhokomelo ho batho ba phetseng hantle.
Le hoja ho ne ho e-na le lipatlisiso tse nyane tse tšehetsang khopolo ena, bolaoli ba litlhokahalo bo tsebahala haholo ebile bo tumme kahare le ka ntle ho kelello. Phuputsong e phatlalalitsoeng ka 2011, bafuputsi ba tsoang Univesithing ea Illinois ba ile ba qala ho beha bolaoli ba bolaoli bo phahameng.
Seo ba se fumaneng ke hore le hoja ho phethahala ha litlhoko ho amana haholo le thabo, batho ba tsoang litsoeng lefatšeng ka bophara ba tlaleha hore ho itlhokomela le litlhoko tsa setjhaba e ne e le tsa bohlokoa le ha litlhoko tse ngata tsa mantlha li sa phethahala.
Liphello tse joalo li bontša hore le hoja litlhoko tsena li ka ba matla a susumetsang a boitšoaro ba batho, ha ho joalo hore ha ba nke mokhoa oa mahlahahlaha oo Maslow a hlalositsoeng.
> Mehloli:
> Maslow, AH. Thuto ea Tšusumetso ea Batho. Qala ho hatisa; 2012.
> Tay, L, & Diener, E. Litlhoko le boiketlo bo ikhethang ho pota lefatše . Journal of Personality le Psychology Social . 2011; 101 (2): 354-365. DOI: 10.1037 / a0023779.
> Wahba, MA, & Bridwell, LG. Maslow o ile a hlahlojoa hape: Tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso mabapi le tlhokahalo ea bohloki ba bolaoli. Boitšoaro ba Mokhatlo le Tlhahlobo ea Botho. 1976; 15: 212-240.