Ho Abrahama Maslow, ea tummeng ea litlhoko tsa litlhoko , ho itlhahisa ho holimo ho piramite, ho emela tlhoko ea ho phethahatsa bokhoni ba motho ka bomong. Ho ea ka Maslow, litlhōlisano tsa tlhōrō li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho itlhahisa .
Ho itlhahisa ho hlile ho nkoa e le ntho e sa tloaelehang, e leng se bolelang hore tlhōrō ea liphihlelo e ka ba e sa tšoaneng.
Hase batho bohle ba fihlang tlhōrōng ea piramite ea Maslow. Phuputsong e 'ngoe, bafuputsi ba fumane hore hoo e ka bang karolo ea bobeli lekholong ea batho bao ho buisanoeng le bona e kile ea e-ba le phihlelo e khōlō.
Litlhōrō tsa litlhōrō ha li felle feela ho batho ba ikemetseng, leha ho le joalo. Maslow o ne a lumela hore batho bohle ba khona ho ba le nako ena, empa o ne a boetse a nahana hore batho ba itekanetseng ba ka 'na ba ba fumana hangata.
Litsebi Tsa Maiketsetso li Hlalosa Liphihlelo Tsa Bohlokoa Bofe?
Tlhōrano ea litlhōrō li atisa ho hlalosoa e le nako ea nakoana ea thabo e hloekileng le thabo. Tsena ke linako tse hlahang liketsahalong tsa letsatsi le letsatsi. Ho hopola liketsahalo tse joalo ke nako e telele 'me hangata batho ba ba tšoantša le phihlelo ea moea.
Litsebi tse ling li hlalosa tlhōrō ea liphihlelo ka litsela tse latelang:
"Liphihlelo tsa tlhōrō li akarelletsa kutloisiso e khōlō ea ho hlolloa, ho hlolloa kapa ho nyakalla ka lebaka la phihlelo."
(Privette, "Ho hlalosa nako ea ho itlhakisetsa boits'oaro: Tlhōlisano ea litlhōrō le phihlelo," 2001)
"... phihlelo ea bohlokoa haholo e khetholloang ka matla a ho lemoha, tebileng ea boikutlo, kapa boikutlo bo tebileng haholo ba ho etsa hore e hlahe hantle, mohopolong oa taba, ka ho fapana ho sa feleng le liphihlelo tse potolohileng ka nako le sebaka. "
(Leach, "Se Boleloang le Li-Correlates tsa Peak Experience," 1962)
Litšobotsi Tsa Liphihlelo Tse Boholo
Privette (2001) e hlahisitse Potso ea Phihlelo e etselitsoeng ho sheba litšobotsi tse arolelanoang le tse khethehileng tsa tlhōrō ea liphihlelo. Ka mor'a ho sheba batho ba fapa-fapaneng, litlhōlisano tsa tlhōrō li fumanoe e le ho arolelana litšoaneleho tse tharo tsa bohlokoa:
- Bohlokoa: Tlhōrō ea liphihlelo e lebisa tlhokomelong ea tlhokomeliso ea botho le kutloisiso 'me e ka ba phetoho bophelong ba motho.
- Ho phethahala ha bona: Tlhōrō ea liphihlelo e etsa hore motho a be le maikutlo a tsitsitseng 'me a khotsofatsa ka mofuthu.
- Moeeng: Nakong ea phihlelo ea tlhōrō, batho ba ikutloa ba le bonngoeng le lefats'e 'me hangata ba ikutloa ba lahleheloa ke nako.
Nakong eo Liphihlelo Tse Khōlō li Etsanghalang?
Maslow o ile a fana ka maikutlo a hore e 'ngoe ea litsela tse molemohali tsa ho nahana ka tlhōrō ea liphihlelo ke ho nahana ka liphihlelo tse babatsehang ka ho fetisisa bophelong ba hau. Metsotso eo ea thabo le e phethehileng le e thabisang. Ho ratana ke mohlala o mong oa phihlelo ea tlhōrō. Mako a joalo a ka 'na a etsahala hape ha u le motsotso oa pōpo kapa ha u bala buka kapa u mametse filimi. U ka 'na ua ikutloa u e-na le maikutlo a ho "otloa" ke mosebetsi o itseng oa pōpo ka tsela e etsang hore u ikutloe u le molato ka hare ho uena.
Phuputsong e 'ngoe, batho ba tlalehile hore litlhōrō tsa liphihlelo li ne li atisa ho etsahala nakong ea liphihlelo tsa bonono, tsa lipapali kapa tsa bolumeli.
Linako tsa tlhaho kapa nakong ea kamano e haufi-ufi le ba lelapa kapa metsoalle le tsona li ne li tloaelehile. Ho finyella pakane ea bohlokoa, ebang ke ea hau kapa ea sehlopha, e ka boela ea lebisa tlhōrōng ea phihlelo. Linako tse ling tseo liphihlelo tse joalo li ka 'nang tsa etsahala li kenyeletsa ha motho a thusa motho e mong ka tlhokahalo kapa ka mor'a ho hlōla mofuta o itseng oa mahlomola.
Boiphihlelo ba Peak bo Utloa Joang?
Joale ke eng e utloahalang e le ho ba le phihlelo ea tlhōrō? Ba bang ba hlalosa linako tsena e le ho hlolloa, ho makatsa le ho tsota. Nahana ka tlhompho ea tšabo u ka 'nang ua ikutloa ha u ntse u shebile letsatsi le likela kapa thabo eo u ka e fumanang nakong ea ho qetela ea papali ea basketball e haufi.
Litlhōlisano Tse Ntle le Tse Phalang
Litlhōrō tsa litlhōrō li na le litsela tse fapaneng le maikutlo a tsejoang e le phallo e hlalositsoeng ke setsebi sa kelello se nepahetseng Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi . Phallo ke boemo ba kelello nakong eo batho ba kenang haholo mesebetsing eo lefats'e le bonahalang eka lea fela mme ha ho letho le leng le bonahala le le bohlokoa. Ha boemo bo ntse bo phalla, linako li bonahala eka li fofa, ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho hlaka 'me batho ba lahleheloa ke boithati.
Phallo e ka etsahala ha motho a e-ba le litlhōrō tsa litlhōrō, empa ho hlakile hore hase liketsahalo tsohle tsa phallo tse tšoanelehang ho ba liphihlelo tsa tlhōrō. Letsatsi le leng le le leng, ho ba le libuka tse thabisang, ho sebetsa mosebetsing o khotsofatsang, kapa ho thabela basketball ea mantsiboea ho ka lebisa ho phallo, empa nako ena hase hakaalo liphihlelo.
Litlhahiso
Leach, D. (1962). Se boleloang le se amanang le tlhōrō ea phihlelo. Ngaka ea litsebi, Univesithi ea Florida.
Maslow, AH (1962). Ho ea ho kelello ea ho ba. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand.
Polyson, J. (1985). Liithuti li hlaheloa ke liphihlelo tse latelang: Koetliso e ngotsoeng. Thuto ea Psychology, 12, 211-213.
Privette, G. (2001). Ho hlalosa nako ea ho itlhahisa ho tsona: Tlhahlobo ea tlhōrō le phihlelo ea tlhōrō, KJ Schneider, JFT Bugental, le JF Pierson (Eds.). The Handbook of Humanistic Psychology , 161-180.
Thomas, LE, & Cooper, PE (1980). Kotsi le likamano tsa kelello tsa liphihlelo tse matla tsa moea. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 12 , 75-85.