Tlhahlobo ea kelello ea sechaba ke ea bohlokoa ho ameha ka hore na batho ba amana joang le sechaba. Na u kile ua ipotsa hore na batho ba ka ba bafani ba mafolofolo joang metseng ea bona? Kapa na u kile ua nahanisisa ka hore na litaba tsa sechaba li ka ama bophelo bo botle le botle ba batho joang? Tsena ke lihlooho tse kholo tsa thahasello ka hare ho lefapha la kelello ea sechaba.
Ena ke taba e pharaletseng le e pharaletseng ka hare ho thuto ea kelello, ho kenyelletsa lintlha tse tsoang litsong tse ling tse kenyeletsang lipolotiki, saense ea lipolotiki, bophelo bo botle ba sechaba, kelello ea lipolotiki le litsebo tsa bophelo . Litsebi tsa kelello tse sebetsang tšimong ena li sheba setso, moruo, sechaba, lipolotiki le tikoloho tse bōpang le ho susumetsa bophelo ba batho lefatšeng ka bophara.
Sepheo sa kelello ea sechaba se ka sebelisoa ka bobeli ebile se na le maikutlo, empa hangata e le motsoako oa bobeli. Le hoja litsebi tse ling tsa kelello tsa setsebi li etsa lipatlisiso ka litaba tse fapaneng, ba bang ba nka boitsebiso bona 'me ba bo beha ka potlako ho fumana mathata le ho hlahisa litharollo ho sechaba.
Histori ea Psychology Community
Litsebi tsa kelello tsa sechaba li ile tsa qala ho hlaha lilemong tsa bo-1960 ha sehlopha se ntseng se hōla sa litsebi tsa kelello se sa khotsofatsoe ke bokhoni ba litsebi tsa kelello tsa bongaka ho rarolla mathata a bophelo bo botle.
Kajeno, ba bangata ba hlokomela seboka sa 1965 sa litsebi tsa kelello sebokeng sa Swampscott e le tšimoloho ea molao ea mehleng ea kajeno ea psychological community. Sebokeng sena, ba neng ba le teng ba ile ba etsa qeto ea hore ho ba le boikutlo ba kelello bo hlokahalang ho ameha haholoanyane ka liphetoho tsa sechaba le sechabeng e le hore ho rarolloe bophelo bo botle ba kelello le bophelo bo botle .
Ho tloha ka nako eo, tšimo e 'nile ea tsoela pele ho hōla. Karohano ea 27 ea Mokhatlo oa Mahlale oa Amerika , Mokhatlo oa Phuputso le Khōlo ea Sechaba (SCRA), o nehetsoe tabeng ea lipolotiki tsa sechaba. Lihlooho tse 'maloa tsa thuto li boetse li nehelanoa ka taba ena, ho akarelletsa le American Journal of Community Psychology , Journal of Community Psychology le Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology .
Psychology Community e sebetsang
Lintho tse ling tseo setsebi sa kelello sa sechaba se ka se kenyelletsang:
- Ho fumana litsela tsa ho thusa batho ba futsanehileng kapa batho ba tlokotsing ba ikutloa ba amana le sechaba sa habo bona
- Ho utloisisa mathata a sechabeng har'a lihlopha tse nyenyane
- Ho hlaolela, ho kenya ts'ebetsong le ho hlahloba mananeo a thehiloeng moetlong
- Ho aha kamano pakeng tsa batho ka bomong le lihlopha tsa sechaba
- Hlahloba mekhatlo, mebuso le sechaba ho ts'oanela ho kenya letsoho le ho fapana
- Litsebi tsa kelello tsa sechaba li ka sebelisoa libakeng tse 'maloa ho kopanyelletsa le thuto,' muso, lihlopha tse se nang phaello, mekhatlo ea sechaba le lipuisano tsa poraefete. Nakong ea tsamaiso ea thuto, litsebi tsa kelello tsa sechaba hangata li sebetsa likolong le liunivesithing ho ruta lithuto le ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa pele. Sebakeng sa 'muso, ba ka sebetsa litšebeletsong tsa bophelo le litšebeletso tsa sechaba bakeng sa mebuso ea naha, ea naha le ea muso.
Psychology Community le Makala a Amanang
Batho ka linako tse ling ba ferekanya mafu a sechabeng ka mekhahlelo e amanang le ts'ebetso ea sechaba , litsebi tsa kelello tsa moetlo le setso sa bophelo sechabeng. Le hoja kelello ea sechaba e na le litsela tse ngata tse amanang le lits'ebeletso tse amanang le tsona 'me hangata li shebana le lits'oaro tsena, ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela likarolo tse ling tse kholo. Ka mohlala, kelello ea setjhaba e ikemiselitse ho nka khato le ho rarolla mathata a kang a mafu a kelello. Leha ho le joalo, kelello ea bongaka ea bophelo bo botle e atisa ho lebisa tlhokomelo e kholo tabeng ea ho rarolla mathata a batho ka bomong, le hoja kelello ea sechaba e ikemiselitse ho utloisisa lintlha tsa motheo tsa sechaba tse bakang mathata ana.
Tlhahlobo ea kelello ea sechaba e boetse e nka mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa mokhoa oa ho utloisisa boitšoaro le tsela eo batho ba kenang sechabeng ka eona, ho tšoana le lits'ebeletso tse amanang le tsa tsahisano le salelloji ea sechaba . Tlhahlobo ea kelello ea sechaba e atisa ho ba le tsebo e kholo ea ho sebelisa mathata a kelello le sechabeng ho rarolla mathata, ho hlahisa tharollo ea sebele ea lefatše le ho nka bohato bo potlakileng.
Joaloka bophelo bo botle ba sechaba le keletso ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello, kelello ea sechaba e boetse e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho thibela mathata le ts'ehetso ea bophelo bo botle le bophelo bo botle. E boetse e na le karolo e matla haholo ea lipatlisiso. Hangata litsebi tsa kelello tsa sechaba li etsa lipatlisiso tsa pele, ho ntshetsa pele mekhoa ea ho iketsetsa maikutlo le ho sebelisa tsebo ena ka kotloloho har'a sechaba sa sechaba le sephiring.
Joalokaha u ka bona, monahano oa sechaba o fetela ka litlhoko tse ling tse ngata. Leha ho le joalo, e na le menehelo ea eona e khethehileng le ea bohlokoa ho e etsa. Lipakane tse ka sehloohong tsa ts'ebetso ena ke ho etsa litsela tse ncha tsa ho matlafatsa batho ba har'a metse ea bona, ho khothalletsa phetoho ea sechaba le mefuta-futa, ho khothaletsa boiketlo ba batho ka bomong le ho thibela ho kula.
Koetliso le Litlhoko tsa Thuto
Boholo ba litsebi tsa kelello tsa sechaba bo tšoara bonyane tekanyo ea master kapa doctorate ho psychology . Ho na le mananeo a mang a kelello a sechaba a fumanoang, empa liithuti tse ling li khetha ho fumana tekanyo e fapaneng ea lihlopha tsa sechaba kapa sekala se akaretsang ka ho tsepamisa mohopolo lihloohong tsa sechaba sa kelello.
Tse ling tsa lithuto tseo setsebi sa kelello sa sechaba se lakatsang ho se nka se kenyeletsa:
- Boitšoaro ba sechaba
- Mekhoa ea lipatlisiso
- Lipalo-palo
- Bophelo ba sechaba
- Ntlafatso ea mokhatlo
- Ngola lengolo
- Ho hlahisa mananeo a thibelo
- Mahlale a ho nts'etsopele
- Boiketlo ba sechaba
- Mathata a sechaba
- Ntlafatso ea sechaba
Ho koetlisoa le ho ithuta ka kelello ea sechaba se tsepamisitse maikutlo lipatlisisong le ketsong. Liithuti tse fumaneng mangolo li fumana koetliso e pharaletseng mekhoeng ea ho etsa lipatlisiso le lipalo-palo tsa sechaba, le mokhoa oa ho beha boitsebiso bona tšebelisong e sebetsang ka ho ntlafatsa mananeo a sechaba.
Litlhahiso:
Dalton, JH, Elias, MJ, & Wandersman, A. (2001). Psychology Community: Ho Kopanya Batho le Metseng. Stamford, CT: Wadsworth.
Kelly, JG (1971). Litšobotsi tsa setsebi sa kelello sechabeng. Setsebi sa kelello sa Amerika, 26 (10) , 897-903.
Levine, M., & Perkins, DV (1997). Melao-motheo ea Psychology Community (2nd Ed) . New York: Oxford University Press.