Liketsahalo tse ikhethang historing ho tloha ka 1878 ho fihlela kajeno
Mokhahlelo oa ts'ebetso oa kelello o qeta makholo a lilemo le ho qaleha ho tsebahala ka ho tepella maikutlo ho hlalositsoeng ka 1550 BCE moqolong oa boholo-holo oa Egepeta o tsejoang e le Ebers Papyrus. Leha ho le joalo, ho fihlela lekholong la bo11 la lilemo, ngaka ea Persia, Avicenna, e ile ea bolela hore ho na le kamano pakeng tsa maikutlo le likarabo tsa 'mele ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng o bitsoa "kelello ea kelello."
Le hoja ba bangata ba nahana ka lekholo la bo17 le la bo18 la lilemo tsoalo ea mafu a kelello ea morao-rao (a tsejoang ka ho phatlalatsoa ha William Battle "Treatise on Madness" ka 1758), ho fihlela ka 1840 ho ile ha thehoa kelello ea saense e le tšimo ea saense e ikemetseng ea mafu a kelello. E ne e le ka selemo seo buka ea pele e buang ka sehlooho se reng, "Psychology, kapa The View of Soul Soul, ho akarelletsa le Anthropology," e hatisitsoe ke tichere ea Maamerika Frederick Augustus Rauch.
Ho tloha motsotsong oo ho ea pele, thuto ea kelello e ne e tla tsoela pele ho fetoha joalokaha e etsa kajeno. Ho totobatsa hore phetoho e ne e le liketsahalo tse ngata tsa bohlokoa, liketsahalo tsa bohlokoa.
Liketsahalo Tsa Bohlokoa Tsa Lekholo la Bo19 la Lilemo
Lekholo la bo19 la lilemo e ne e le nako eo ka eona ho sebelisoa kelello e le saense e amohelehang, e amohelehang. Le hoja mehato e ne e atisa ho fetoha nakong ea lilemo tse 100, mohlala oa lipatlisiso le tlhahlobo o ne o tla qala.
Har'a liketsahalo tsa bohlokoa:
- 1878 - G. Stanley Hall e fetoha Moamerika oa pele ho fumana Ph.D. ka kelello ea kelello. Qetellong o ne a tla fumana Mokhatlo oa American Psychological Association .
- 1879 - Wilhelm Wundt o ile a theha lekala la pele la liteko tsa kelello Leipzig, Jeremane e nehetsoeng ho ithuta ka moralo. Ketsahalo ena e nkoa e le qaleho ea kelello e le saense e fapaneng.
- 1883 - G. Stanley Hall e bula lekala la pele la liteko tsa kelello Amerika ho ea Univesithing ea John Hopkins.
- 1885 - Herman Ebbinghaus o phatlalatsa sepheo sa hae sa "Über das Gedächtnis" ("On Memory") moo a hlalosang liteko tsa ho ithuta le tsa mohopolo tseo a li entseng ho eena.
- 1886 - Sigmund Freud o qala ho fana ka phekolo ho bakuli Vienna, Austria.
- 1888 - James McKeen Cattell e ba moprofesa oa pele oa thuto ea kelello Univesithing ea Pennsylvania. Hamorao o ne a tla phatlalatsa "Liteko tsa Maikutlo le Mekhoa ea Matšoao" tse bontšang ho qala ha tlhahlobo ea kelello.
- 1890 - William James o phatlalatsa "Melao-motheo ea Psychology." Monghali Galton o theha mekhoa ea ho lumellana ho utloisisa hantle likamano pakeng tsa mefuta ea lithuto tsa bohlale.
- 1892 - G. Stanley Hall e theha Mokhatlo oa American Psychological Association (APA) , ho ngolisa litho tse 42
- 1895 - Alfred Binet o etsa lekala la pele la kelello le sebetsanang le lefu la kelello.
- 1898 - Edward Thorndike o hlahisa molao oa phello .
Liketsahalo Tsa Bohlokoa Ho tloha ka 1900 ho ea ho 1950
Karolo ea pele ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo e ne e busoa ke lipalo tse peli tse kholo: Sigmund Freud le Carl Jung. E ne e le nako eo motheo oa ts'ebollo o thehiloeng, ho kenyeletsa le ho hlahlojoa ha psychopathology le ho hlahloba kelello ea Jung.
Har'a liketsahalo tsa bohlokoa:
- 1900 - Sigmund Freud o phatlalatsa pontšo ea hae "Tlhaloso ea Litoro."
- 1901 - Mokhatlo oa Brithani oa Psychological o thehiloe.
- 1905 - Mary Whiton Calkins o khethoa mookameli oa pele oa mosali oa American Psychological Association. Alfred Binet o hlahisa teko ea bohlale .
- 1906 - Ivan Pavlov o hatisa seo a se fumaneng ka boemo ba khale ba khale .
- 1907 - Carl Jung o phatlalatsa "The Psychology of Dementia Praecox."
- 1912 - Edward Thorndike o phatlalatsa "Animal Intelligence" e lebisang ho nts'etsopele ea khopolo ea boemo bo sebetsang. Max Wertheimer o phatlalatsa "Liphuputso tsa Liteko tsa Pherekano ea Tsamaiso" e lebisang ho nts'etsopele ea kelello ea Gestalt .
- 1913 - Carl Jung o qala ho tloha ponong ea Freudian mme o hlahisa likhopolo tsa hae tseo a li bitsang "psychology analytical" John B. Watson o phatlalatsa "Psychology e le Pono ea Boits'oaro" eo ho eona ho thehiloeng khopolo ea boitšoaro.
- 1915 - Freud o phatlalatsa mosebetsi ka khatello.
- 1920 - Watson le Rosalie Rayner ba hatisa lipatlisiso ka boemo ba khale ba tšabo le taba ea bona, Little Albert .
- 1932 - Jean Piaget e e-ba setsebi sa pele sa ho tseba lintho tse nang le tsebo ka ho hatisoa ha mosebetsi oa hae "The Moral Judgment of Children."
- 1942 - Carl Rogers o theha tloaelo ea phekolo ea mantlha e khothalletsang tlhompho le tlhokomelo e nepahetseng bakeng sa bakuli.
Liketsahalo tsa bohlokoa ho tloha ka 1950 ho ea ho 2000
Karolo e qetellang ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo e ne e shebane le mokhoa oa ho hlahloba mafu a kelello, o hlalositsoeng ke ho lokolloa ha Tlhahlobo le Tlhahlobo ea Mental Disorders (DSM) ea Mokhatlo oa American Psychiatric Association. Ke sesebelisoa sa motheo se ntseng se sebelisoa kajeno ho tsamaisa lisosa le kalafo. Har'a liketsahalo tse kholo:
- 1952 - Buka ea pele ea Tlhahlobo le Tlhahlobo ea Mental Disorders e hatisitsoe.
- 1954 - Abraham Maslow o phatlalatsa "Tšusumetso le Boikutlo" ho hlalosa khopolo ea hae ea bolaoli ba litlhoko. O har'a baqapi ba kelello ea batho.
- 1958 - Harry Harlow o phatlalatsa "Sebopeho sa Lerato" se hlalosang bohlokoa ba ho hokahane le lerato ho rhesus monkeys.
- 1961 - Albert Bandura o khanna liteko tsa hae tse tummeng haholo tsa Bobo doll moo boitšoaro ba bana bo hlalositsoeng e le mokhoa oa ho ela hloko, ho etsisa le ho etsa mohlala.
- 1963 - Badura o qala ka ho hlalosa mohopolo oa thuto ea ho shebella ho hlalosa botho bo ntlafatso.
- 1974 - Stanley Milgram e phatlalatsa "Ho Mamela Bolaoli" e hlalosang se fumanoeng ke liteko tsa hae tse tummeng tsa ho mamela .
- 1980 - DSM-III e hatisoa.
- 1990 - Noam Chomsky o phatlalatsa "Ka Tlhaho, Tšebeliso, le ho Fumana Lipuo."
- 1991 - Steven Pinker o hatisa sehlooho se hlalosang likhopolo tsa hae mabapi le hore na bana ba fumana puo eo a qetang ho e phatlalatsa joang bukeng ea "The Language Instinct."
- 1994 - The DSM-IV e hatisoa.
Liketsahalo Tsa Bohlokoa Lekholong la Bo20 la Lilemo
Ha ho hlaha saense ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, litsebi tsa kelello ha li lumellane le litsela tseo physiology le liphatsa tsa lefutso li tlatsetsang ka tsona hore motho a be le kelello. Har'a tse ling tsa lithuto tsa bohlokoa tsa lekholong la bo21 la lilemo:
- 2000 - Bafuputsi ba liphatsa tsa lefutso ba qeta ho etsa 'mapa oa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa batho ka sepheo sa ho arohana le chromosome e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho se sebetse ha kelello.
- 2002 - Steven Pinker o phatlalatsa "The Blank Slate" e phehisana le khopolo ea tabula rasa (khopolo ea hore kelello ke letlapa le se nang letho ha le hlaha). Avashalom Caspi e fana ka bopaki ba pele ba hore liphatsa tsa lefutso li amahanngoa le karabelo ea ngoana litlhaselong. Setsebi sa kelello Daniel Kahneman se fuoe Moputso oa Nobel oa Economics bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa hae mabapi le hore na ho ahloloa hokae ha ho e-na le ho se ts'oane.
- 2010 - Simon LeVay o phatlalatsa "Gay, Straight, le Lebaka la Lebaka Leo" Lebaka la hore ho kopanela liphate ho tsoa ho khetholla pele ho bokhachane bokong.
- 2013 - DSM-V e lokolloa. Ho eona, APA e tlosa "bothata ba boitsebiso ba botona le botšehali" ho tsoa lethathamong la mafu a kelello le ho e nkela "bothata ba botona kapa botšehali ba botona kapa botšehali" ho hlalosa bothata ba motho ka tekano ea hae.
- 2014 - John O'Keefe, May-Britt Moser le Edvard Moser ba arolelane le Moputso oa Nobel bakeng sa ho sibolloa ha lisele tsa bona tse etsang mokhoa oa ho beha boemo bochabeng ba bokooa ba mohopolo.