Mary Whiton Calkins e ne e le setsebi sa kelello sa Maamerika se ileng sa fetoha mopresidente oa pele oa mosali oa American Psychological Association. Ha a ntse a fumana lengolo le phahameng la thuto ea kelello ho tloha Harvard, yunivesithi e ile ea hana ho mo fa tekanyo hobane e ne e le mosali. Ho sa tsotellehe sena, o ile a ba le tšusumetso e kholo tabeng ea ho nts'etsa pele ha kelello ea khale le ho ruta liithuti tse ngata ka boemo ba hae W Collegeley College.
Mosebetsi o Molemo ka ho Fetisisa
- Boithapollo
- Ho thibela mokhoa o kopantsoeng ka bobeli
- Mosali oa pele oa Mopresidente oa APA
Nako ea Liketsahalo
- O hlahile ka la 30 March, 1863 Hartford, Connecticut.
- 1884 - Ba fumaneng mangolo a tsoang kolecheng ea Smith.
- 1887 - Qalella ho ruta Segerike ho Wellesley College.
- 1890 - Qala ho ea libokeng Harvard tse rutoang ke William James le Josi Royce.
- 1892 - A lumelloa Harvard e le "moeti."
- 1895 - Tlhaloso e hlahisitsoeng ho boiphihlelo ba Harvard, empa e ile ea haneloa tekanyo.
- 1927 - O tlohetse mosebetsi ho tloha Wellesley College.
- O shoele ka la 26 February, 1930 ka kankere.
Lilemong tsa pele
Mary Whiton Calkins o qalile Smith College ka 1882 e le sophomore. Lefu la 1883 la khaitseli ea hae le ile la etsa hore a qete nako e telele a tsoa sekolong, le hoja a ile a tsoela pele ho ithuta ka lithuto tsa hae tsa botho. Calkins o ile a khutlela Smith College ka 1884 'me a fumana mangolo a lipolotiki le filosofi.
Ho phehella ho Psychology:
Ka mor'a hore a fumane mangolo a Smith College, Mary Whiton Calkins o ile a hiroa ho ruta Segerike K'holejeng ea Wellesley.
O ne a ntse a ruta ka lilemo tse tharo ha a fuoa hore o fuoa boikutlo ba ho ruta sebakeng se secha sa kelello.
E le hore a rute ka kelello ea kelello, o ne a lokela ho ithuta taba ena bonyane selemo se le seng. Bothata bo nang le sena e ne e le hore ho ne ho e-na le mananeo a seng makae a kelello a fumanehang ka nako eo, mme le ho fokotseha ho tla amohela basali ba kentseng.
Qalong o ne a nahana ho ithuta linaheng tse ling empa o ile a tlohela khopolo eo. Boemo ba hae le ho haelloa ke labor ea laboratori bo ile ba mo thibela ho ea lenaneong la Yale le Univesithing ea Michigan.
Ka mor'a ho memeloa ke William James ho ea libokeng tsa hae Harvard, Calkins o ile a kōpa hore a lumelloe ho lula ka lipuo tsena. Qalong o ile a haneloa ke baokameli ba Harvard, empa ntat'ae ka bobeli le Mopresidente oa Wellesley College ba ile ba ngolla Harvard molemong oa hae.
Kopo eo e ile ea amoheloa ka 1890, le hoja litlaleho tsa univesithi li boletse hore "ka ho amohela tokelo ena, Miss Calkins ha a fetohe seithuti sa Univesithi e nang le tokelo ea ho ngolisa" (Furumoto, 1980). Ha a ntse a le Harvard, o ile a ea libokeng tse fanoeng ke William James le Josi Royce 'me ba ile ba ithuta ka kelello ea liteko le Dr. Edmund Sanford oa Univesithi ea Clark.
Kaha Calkins o ne a ntse a thahasella ho ithuta lithuto tsa hae tsa kelello, o ile a boela a kōpa hore a lumelloe ho ithuta Harvard le Hugo Munsterberg . Kopo ea hae e ile ea fuoa ka 1892, empa ka tumello ea hore o amoheloa feela e le moeti, eseng seithuti.
Mosebetsi:
Ha Harvard, Calkins o qalile mosebetsi o kopanetsoeng ka bobeli o neng o akarelletsa ho bontša barupeluoa ba ithutoang letoto la mebala le lipalo, ebe o leka ho hopola hore na palo e ne e kopane le 'mala ofe.
Mokhoa ona o ne o sebelisetsoa ho hopola mohopolo 'me o ile oa hatisoa hamorao ke Edward B. Titchener , ea ileng a re ke mokhahlelo bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea eona.
Ka 1895, o ile a fana ka tlhaloso ea hae, Phuputso ea liteko mabapi le mokhatlo oa litlhahiso, ho komiti ea liithuti e neng e akarelletsa William James, Josi Royce le Hugo Munsterberg. Ho sa tsotellehe tumello e sa lumellaneng le komiti ea boipiletso, Harvard o ne a ntse a hana ho fa Calkins tekanyo eo ae fumaneng.
Hamorao hona selemong seo, Calkins o ile a khutlela Kolecheng ea Wellesley moo a ileng a tsoela pele ho ruta ho fihlela a tlohela mosebetsi ka 1927.
Menehelo ea Psychology
Nakong ea mosebetsi oa hae, Calkins o ile a ngola ka lihlooho tse lekholo tsa litsebi litabeng tsa kelello le filosofi.
Ntle le ho ba mopresidente oa pele oa Mokhatlo oa American Psychological Association, Calkins le eena o ile a sebeletsa e le mopresidente oa Mokhatlo oa Mafilosofi oa Amerika ka 1918.
E 'ngoe ea menehelo ea hae e kholo ho kelello ea kelello ke ho qaptjoa ha mekhoa ea mekhatlo e kopanetsoeng le mosebetsi oa hae ka boithati-thuto. Calkins o ne a lumela hore ho itlhahloba ke eona ntho e ka sehloohong ea thuto ea kelello. Ho sa tsotellehe menehelo ea Mary Whiton Calkins, Harvard o tsoela pele ho hana ho fana ka tekanyo eo a e fumaneng le tšusumetso ea hae litabeng tsa kelello hangata e hlokomolohuoe ke litsebi le liithuti.
Mesebetsi e khethiloeng ke Mary Whiton Calkins
Calkins, Mary Whiton. (1892). Psychology ea Tlhahlobo ho Wellesley College. Journal of American Psychology , 5, 464-271.
Calkins, Mary Whiton (1908a). Psychology e le saense ea boithati. Ke: Na 'mele oa motho kapa o na le' mele? Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods , 5, 12-20.
Calkins, Mary Whiton. (1915). Boikutlo ba kelello ea saense. Journal of American Psychology , 26, 495-524.
Calkins, Mary Whiton. (1930). Boitsebiso bo ikemetseng ba Mary Whiton Calkins. Ka C. Murchison (Moq.), Histori ea Psychologia ka boitsebiso bo ikemetseng (Vol. 1, maq. 31-62). Worcester, MA: Clark University Press.
Litlhaloso: Furumoto, L. (1980). Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930). Khemiso ea Basali ba Qetellong, 5, 55-68.