MAOIs, SSRIs, SNRIs, TCI, le Atypical
Ho na le lihlopha tse hlano tse kholo tsa ho tepella maikutlo. Mona ke seo ba leng sona, mehlala ea mong le e mong, le kamoo ba sebetsang kateng.
Lik'hemik'hale tsa Bokooa li ameha Molaong oa Boemo
Ho na le limolek'hule tse tharo tsa motheo, tse tsejoang e le li-monoamine, tseo ho lumeloa hore li kenngoa molaong oa mongobo, ho akarelletsa:
- Serotonin: 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), e tsejoang ka ho fetisisa e le serotonin , e entsoe lik'hemik'hale tse "ikutloa-ntle" tsa boko.
- Norepinephrine: E 'ngoe ea li-neurotransmitter e amanang le ho tepella maikutlong' me e amana le kamoo u ikutloang u falimehile kateng. Palo e tlase ea norepinephrine e nahanoa hore e amana le mohopolo oa boko oo batho ba bangata ba nang le phihlelo ea ho tepella maikutlong.
- Dopamine: E ka 'na eaba u kile ua utloa ka maemo a tlase a dopamine karolong e itseng ea boko e bitsoang substantia nigra e amanang le lefu la Parkinson, empa ho na le lintho tse ling tse ngata tse lokelang ho etsoa ke dopamine. Ka bokong bo ka pele, bo hokahanngoa le monahano o rarahaneng le tharollo ea mathata. Ha e le hantle, ho nahanoa hore liphello tse susumetsang tsa lik'hemik'hale tse kang nicotine le k'hok'heine li amana le liphello tsa tsona litsing tsa moputso tse fanoeng ke dopamine tse bokoeng.
Limolek'hule tsena ke li-neurotransmitters, lik'hemik'hale tse romelang melaetsa ho pholletsa le boko. U ka fumana ho le molemo ho ithuta ho eketsehileng ka karolo ea li-neurotransmitters tse tepeletseng maikutlo .
Lihlopha tsa Meriana ea ho Tepella Maikutlo
Ka tloaelo meriana e nang le bothata ba ho imeloa kelellong e aroloa ho latela hore na e ama limolek'hule tsena tse tharo joang, le hoja li-tricyclics li khetholla molao ona.
Meriana e tloaelehileng e sebelisoang nakong ena e kenyeletsa serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) le serotonin le norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), le hoja meriana ena e sebelisitse batho ba bang.
Mona ke lihlopha tse kholo tsa ho loantšana ha maikutlo, hammoho le mekhoa ea bona ea liketso le mehlala ea batho ba nang le bothata ba ho tepella maikutlo ba lihlopha tseo.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
E 'ngoe ea lihlopha tsa pele tsa li-anti-depressing tse ileng tsa etsoa ke monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Mofuta ona o sithabetsang, o ileng oa sibolloa ka bo-1950, o thibela liketso tsa enzyme e bitsoang monoamine oxidase . Kaha mosebetsi oa monoamine oxidase ke ho senyeha ha monoamine, tšireletso ea eona e lumella ho eketsehileng ha li-neurotransmitters tse amanang le molao oa tsamaiso ea maikutlo ho lula li le teng ka har'a boko.
Mehlala ea monoamine oxidase inhibitors e amohelehang ke Tsamaiso ea Lijo le Lithethefatsi (FDA) e kenyeletsa:
- Nardil (phenelzine)
- Parnate (tranylcypromine)
- Marplan (isocarboxazid)
- Emsam (selegiline)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors ha e sebelisoe hangata ho feta e meng ea ho imeloa kelellong 'me e batla e le thata ho e nka ha e na le liketsahalo tse ngata tse sokelang bophelo ha li kopantsoe le meriana e meng kapa lijo tse nang le tyramine . Ho nka MAOI hangata ho kenyeletsa lithibelo tsa lijo.
Tricyclic Ho tepella maikutlo
Sehlopha se seng sa pele sa ho imeloa kelellong ke tricyclic ho tepella maikutlo (TCIs), e tsejoang hape e le tetracyclic kapa li-cyclic anti-depressants, tse ileng tsa boela tsa fumanoa lilemong tsa bo-1950. Ho fapana le lihlopha tse ling tsa batho ba nang le bothata ba ho tepella maikutlo, sehlopha sena se ile sa bitsoa ka theko ea lik'hemik'hale, e entsoeng ka mehele e meraro ea liathomo.
Li-tricyclics li sebelisa matla a bona a ho imeloa kelellong ka ho thibela lisele tsa methapo hore li se ke tsa khutlisetsoa serotonin le norepinephrine, e leng se lumellang hore lintho tse ling li fumanehe bakeng sa ho sebelisoa bokong.
Mehlala ea tricyclic ea ho tepella maikutlo e kenyelletsa:
- Elavil (amitryptyline)
- Norpramin (deipramine)
- Asendin (amoxapine)
- Anafranil (clomipramine)
- Pamelor (nortriptyline)
- Tofranil (imipramine)
- Vivactil (protriptyline)
- Surmontil (trimipramine)
- Sinequan (doxepin)
Maprotiline
Tricyclic ho loantšana ha maikutlo, joalo ka MAOI, hangata e na le litla-morao tse ngata ho feta likarolo tse ncha tsa ho loantšana ha maikutlo tse hlalositsoeng ka tlase, ho akarelletsa ho pata, molomo o omeletseng, pono e hlakileng, palo ea boima le lipelo tsa pelo.
Leha ho le joalo, li na le liphello tse eketsehileng, 'me li -anti-compressant tricyclic li sebelisetsoa maemo a mang a tsoang ho bohloko bo sa foleng ho ea ho migraine ho ea ho khathatso ea ho qobella ho feteletseng (OCD).
Selectional Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Selectional serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) e sebetsa ka ho thibela reuptake ea serotonin, ho lumella serotonin e meng hore e lule e fumaneha. SSRIs e ne e le sehlopha sa pele sa lithethefatsi se neng se entsoe ka boomo e le li-anti-depressant ho e-na le liphello tsa bona tse sithabetsang tse fumanoang ka tšohanyetso. Li ile tsa hlahisoa ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1970.
Mehlala ea SSRI e kenyelletsa:
- Prozac (fluoxetine)
- Paxil (paroxetine)
- Zoloft (sertraline)
- Celexa (citalopram)
- Luvox (fluvoxamine)
- Lexapro (escitalopram)
- Viibryd (vilazodone)
SSRI e atisa ho ba le litla-morao tse fokolang ho feta meriana ea khale empa e ka 'na ea e-ba le liphello tse mpe, ho kenyelletsa le ho se sebetse ka thobalano . Ntle le Prozac, meriana ena e mengata e lokela ho nooa hang-hang ha e emisoa ha e ka etsa hore sehlopha sa linaleli se sa phutholoha sa matšoao a bitsoang SSRI ho thibela lefu .
Serotonin le Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
Serotonin le norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) ho tepella ha thuso ka tsela e tšoanang le li-SSRI ntle le hore li thibela ho tsosolosoa ha norepinephrine ho phaella ho serotonin. SNRI ea pele e ne e amoheloa ke FDA ka December 1993.
Ho eketsa norepinephrine ho phaella ho serotonin ho ka 'na ha e-ba molemo ka ho khetheha bakeng sa batho ba bonang mokhathala ba tepelletseng maikutlong ( ho tepella maikutlo ka ho lieha ha maikutlo ). Meriana ena e sebelisetsoa batho ba nang le fibromyalgia le boloetse bo sa feleng ba mokhathala.
Mehlala ea SNRI e kenyelletsa:
- Effexor (venlafaxine)
- Cymbalta (duloxetine)
- Pristiq (desvenlafaxine)
- Savella (milnacipran)
- Fetzima (levomilnacipran)
Ho ba le bothata ba ho tepella maikutlo
Ho boetse ho na le mefuta e meng e loantšanang ea ho imeloa kelellong e sa keneleng likarolong tse boletsoeng ka holimo, tse tsejoang e le li-anti-depressing tsa maiketsetso. Li-anti-depressants tse tšoaetsanoang li sebetsa ka ho fetola litekanyetso tsa methapo ea meriana e le 'ngoe kapa ho feta, e kang dopamine, serotonin, kapa norepinephrine, empa e mong le e mong o sebetsa ka tsela e fapaneng. Tse ling tsa meriana ena li ka u thusa haholo haeba u e-na le litla-morao tsa thobalano ho ba bang ba nang le bothata ba ho tepella maikutlo.
Mehlala ea li-anti-depressant tse kotsi li kenyeletsa:
- Wellbutrin (bupropion)
- Remeron (mirtazapine)
- Desyrel (trazodone)
- Trintellix (vortioxetine)
- Nefazodone
Ho Khetha Molemo ka ho Fetisisa oa ho Tepella Maikutlo ka Lebaka la ho Tepella Maikutlo
Ho na le mabaka a 'maloa a khethang ho ikhethela motho ea nang le bothata ba ho tepella maikutlo . Karolo ea khetho ea hau e ka 'na ea theohela litla-morao tseo u neng u tla li fumana ka ho fetisisa. Ngaka ea hau e tla u thusa hore u tsebe hore na ke phekolo efe e molemo ka ho fetisisa ho uena, le hoja ho ka 'na ha hlokahala hore u leke tse' maloa pele o fumana e sebetsang ka katleho ka liphello tse fokolang haholo.
Hape ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ho sebetsana le ho tepella maikutlong hangata ho atleha haholo ha ho sebelisoa mekhoa e metle. Tsena li ka kenyelletsa psychotherapy , ka hloko ho sebetsana le mabaka afe kapa efe a ka tlatsetsang ho tepella maikutlo ho kang mahlaba a sa foleng le mekhoa ea ho itšehetsa. Iphe nako ea ho ithuta lintlha tsa ho sebetsana le bothata ba ho tepella maikutlong tse ka thusang ho sa tsotellehe hore na u khetha mofuta ofe oa phekolo.
> Mohloli
- > Basebetsi ba Mayo Clinic. Ho ba le bothata ba ho tepella maikutlo. Mayo Clinic. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 25 June, 2016.
- > Basebetsi ba Mayo Clinic. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs). Mayo Clinic. E hlalositsoe ka la 8 June, 2016.
- > Basebetsi ba Mayo Clinic. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). Mayo Clinic. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 24 June, 2016.
- > Basebetsi ba Mayo Clinic. Serotonin le Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs). Mayo Clinic. E hlalositsoe ka la 21 June, 2016.
- > Basebetsi ba Mayo Clinic. Tricyclic Ho tepella maikutlo le Tetracyclic ho loantšana ha maikutlo. Mayo Clinic. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 28 June, 2016.