Dopamine ke methapo ea methapo ea methapo (lik'hemik'hale tse hlahisoang ke lisele tsa methapo) tse nang le karolo ea bohlokoa le e sa tšoaneng ho tsela eo boko ba hao bo sebetsang ka eona.
Karolo ea Dopamine Bokong
Dopamine neurons (lisele tse nang le methapo ea kutlo) li na le li-cell body bohareng ba methapo ea methapo (e bitsoang axons) e kenang libakeng tse ling tse ngata bokong. Sena se etsa hore dopamine e fetisoe ho tloha sebakeng se seng sa boko ho ea ho se seng, 'me litšebelisano tsena li bitsoa litsela tsa dopaminergic.
Merero e 'ngoe ea litsela tsa dopaminergic ho tloha sebakeng sa midbrain e bitsoang substantia nigra ho basal ganglia, e tsamaisang tsamaiso ea' mele. Ha ho na le ho lahleheloa ke dopamine neurons ho substantia nigra, lefu la Parkinson le hlaha - boloetse ba methapo ea mafu bo khetholloang ke mehato e fokolang, ponahalo e thata, le tšisinyeho ea phomolo.
Liwebsaete tse ling tsa pontšo ea dopamine li kenyelletsa sebaka sa prefrontal cortex, sebaka sa boko bo bohlokoa ho rarolla bothata, monahano o rarahaneng, mohopolo, bohlale le puo. Litsela tse nyenyane tsa dopamine tse bontšang litsela li kenyelletsa amygdala, e phethang karolo ea bohlokoa ho pheliseng maikutlo, le hippocampus, e leng ea bohlokoa bakeng sa mohopolo.
Ntle le ho sisinyeha, maikutlo, mohopolo le ho nahana, dopamine neurons e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho susumetsa le moputso. Ke ka lebaka leo lintho tse itseng tsa tlhekefetso, haholo-holo k'hok'heine le nikotine , li lemalla - ha lintho tsena li etsa hore tsamaiso ea moputso e sebetsanang le dopamine e boleloe bokong.
Khokahanyo ea Dopamine Bophelong ba Hao
Ntle le lefu la Parkinson, mafu a mangata a mafu a kelello a 'nile a amahanngoa le dopamine dysregulation e kang schizophrenia, bothata ba ho se tsotelle (ADD) , lefu la ho ferekana kelellong le ho tepella maikutlong.
Tsela eo dopamine e ammeng maloetse ana a kelello ka eona a ikhetha.
Ka mohlala, ka ADD, ho se sebetse tsamaisong ea dopamine ho baka tlhokomelo e sa lokelang. Ke ka lebaka leo ho susumetsang, joalo ka Ritalin (methylphenidate) kapa Adderall (amphetamine), e eketsang maemo a dopamine bokong, e thusa ho ntlafatsa tlhokomelo le tlhokomelo.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ka schizophrenia, tsamaiso ea dopamine ea sebetsa haholo. Ke ka lebaka leo meriana e thibelang li-receptor tsa dopamine bokong (tse bitsoa antipsychotics) li sebelisoa kalafo ea eona.
Na Dopamine e Bontša Karolo Boemong ba Batho ba Tšoenyehileng?
Bafuputsi ba bang ba lumela hore ho se sebetse ha dopamine ho ka ba le karolo ho nts'etsopele ea bothata ba botho ba borderline (BPD) . Sena se itšetlehile haholo ka lithuto tse tšehetsang karolo ea dopamine ho nahana, ho laola maikutlo, le ho laola maikutlo - tseo kaofela ha tsona li leng matla ho batho ba nang le BPD. Hape, meriana ea antipsychotic e bonahala e fokotsa matšoao a mangata a BPD, haholo-holo a bohale le mathata a ho utloisisa (joaloka ho nahana ka ho nahana).
Ha ho buuoa joalo, litsebi tse ling li pheha khang ea hore mokhoa oo li-antipsychotics li o thusang bakuli ba nang le BPD ke ka litsela tse seng tsa dopamine. Ka kakaretso, ho thata ho re ka nako ena hore na dopamine e bohlokoa hakae ho nts'etsopele kapa mokhoa oa BPD. Patlisiso e eketsehileng e tla ba thusa ho lemoha khokahano ena.
Ntho e ka tlaase
Tsamaiso ea dopamine ke tsamaiso e rarahaneng, e hlollang e kopanelang mesebetsing e sa tšoaneng ea methapo ea kelello le ea kelello. Ka ho tsoela pele ho hlahloba karolo ea dopamine bokong, bo-rasaense ba tla fumana boitsebiso boo ba bo hlokang e le hore ba hlahise meriana e mengata ea dopamine - kahoo batho ba nang le mafu a phekoloang ke dopamine, joaloka schizophrenia, ba ka phela hantle 'me ba qoba litla-morao tse sa rateheng.
> Mehloli:
> Cohen, BM & Carlezon, WA (2007). Ha e khone ho fumana dopamine e lekaneng. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164 (4): 543-6.
> Friedel, RO (2004). Ho se sebetse ha Dopamine bothateng ba botho bo moeli: khopolo-taba. Neuropsychopharmacology, 29 (6): 1029-39.
> Ingenhoven, TJ, & Duivenvoorden, HJ (2011). Tšebeliso e fapaneng ea li-antipsychotics mongoaneng oa botho ba meeli: ho hlahloba litlhaku tsa li-placebo, litekanyetso tsa lits'ebeletso tsa lits'ebeletso tsa lik'hemik'hale litabeng tsa matšoao a matšoao. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 31 (4): 489-96.
> Siddiqui SV, Chatterjee U., Kumar, D., Siddiqui A., & Goval, N. (2008). Neuropsychology ea prefrontal cortex. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 50 (3): 202-8.