Li-Neurotransmitters ke eng?
Ho lumeloa hore boko bo na le mefuta e 'maloa ea mefuta ea lik'hemik'hale (neurotransmitters) e sebetsang e le mahlahana a lipuisano pakeng tsa lisele tse sa tšoaneng tsa boko. Litho tsa lik'hemik'hale ke limolek'hule tse ka ama maikutlo, takatso ea lijo, matšoenyeho, boroko, lebelo la pelo, mocheso, ts'oaetso, tšabo le liketsahalo tse ling tse ngata tsa kelello le tsa 'mele.
Bo-rasaense ba fumane likarolo tse tharo tse khōlō tsa li-neurotransmitters tse bokoeng ba motho:
1. Biogenic neurotransmitters e 'nile ea ithutoa ka nako e telele ka ho fetisisa' me e ka 'na ea e-ba eona e utloisisoang ka ho fetisisa mabapi le kamano ea bona le likhathatso tsa kelello. Tse tšeletseng tsa tse ka sehloohong tse nang le li-amine neurotransmitters ke:
- Serotonin ke lik'hemik'hale ea lefapha le etsang karolo ea ho fetola matšoenyeho, maikutlo, boroko, takatso ea lijo le thobalano. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ka kakaretso e nkoa e le meriana ea pele ea meriana ho phekola boloetse bo tšosang .
- Norepinephrine , e susumetsang boroko le ho falimeha, ho lumeloa hore e amana le ntoa kapa karabelo ea khatello ea lifofane .
- Epinephrine e atisa ho nkoa e le hormone ea khatello ea kelello e tsamaisoang ke adrenal system, empa e boetse e sebetsa joaloka leuroretransmitter bokong.
- Tšusumetso ea dopamine ea ho tsamaea ha 'mele le ho lumeloa hore e ameha ho susumetsa, moputso, ho matlafatsa le ho itšoara hampe . Likhopolo tse ngata tsa psychosis li bontša hore dopamine e phetha karolo ea matšoao a kelello .
- Ho nahanoa hore histori e susumetsa batho ho tsosoa, ho ela hloko le ho ithuta. E boetse e lokolloa ha e arabela ka mokhoa o fokolang. Li-antihistamine, tse atisang ho sebelisoa ho phekola menoana, li na le litla-morao tse tloaelehileng tsa sedation, phaello ea boima , le khatello e tlaase ea mali.
- Acetylcholine e lumeloa hore e amahanngoa le ts'ebetso ea mesifa, ho ithuta le ho hopola. Tlhahlobo ea dementia ea Alzheimer e 'nile ea amahanngoa le mosebetsi oa acetylcholine .
2. Ho lumeloa hore li -neurotransmitters tsa Peptide li amahanngoa le ho lumellana ha maikutlo a bohloko, ho susumetsa takatso ea lijo, taolo ea maikutlo le mesebetsi e mengata e mengata. Lintho tse sa tloaelehang li-neurotransmitters tsa peptide li 'nile tsa amahanngoa le ntshetsopele ea schizophrenia , mathata a ho ja, lefu la Huntington le lefu la Alzheimer.
- Cholecystokinin (CCK) , ntho e ncha e fumanoeng, ke peptide e fumaneng tlhokomelo e ngata lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng. Ho lumeloa hore CCK e eketsa phomolo e hohelang GABA ha e ntse e fokotsa dopamine. Liphuputso li amana le CCK ka litlhaselo le ho tšoha ho batho ba nang le bothata ba ho tšoha.
3. Litsebi tse ling li nka li -amino acid neurotransmitters e le libapali tse ka sehloohong tsamaisong ea phekolo ea motlakase. Ho na le tse peli tse kholo tsa amino acid neurotransmitters:
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ke motsoako o moholo oa thibelo ea mali o sebetsang ka mokhoa o fosahetseng oa ho thibela phetiso ea pontšo ho tloha seleng e 'ngoe ho ea ho e' ngoe. Ke habohlokoa ho leka-lekanya thabo ea bokhoni. Benzodiazepines ( li-anti-anxiety drugs ) li sebetsa ho li -receptors tsa GABA tsa boko, li baka boemo ba boikhathollo.
- Glutamate ke motsoako oa li -neurotransmitter e thabisang ebile ke lik'hemik'hale tse ngata ka ho fetisisa bokong. Ho lumeloa hore e ameha ho ithuta le ho hopola. Maloetse a mang (a kang lefu la Alzheimer) kapa kotsi ea boko (e kang stroke) e ka etsa hore glutamate e ngata e bokellane. Sena se ka beha sethala sa excitotoxicity, mokhoa o ka lebisang tšenyo kapa lefu la lisele tsa boko bo amehileng.
Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore GABA le glutamate li hlophisitsoe ka hloko ho leka-lekana. Ho se sebetse ha e 'ngoe ea tsena tsa amino acid neurotransmitters ho ama mosebetsi oa e mong. Litsebi tse ling li lumela hore ho leka-lekana le ho thibela ho leka-lekana ho susumetsa lisele tsohle tsa boko .
Li-neurotransmitters ke Team Players
Litho tsohle tsa lik'hemik'hale bokong li na le li-interconnectivity tse kholo. Mosebetsi oa bona o itšetlehile ka tsamaiso ea lichelete le litekanyo nakong ea motsotso ka mong oa bophelo. Haeba karolo e 'ngoe ea tsamaiso e hlōleha, ba bang ba ke ke ba etsa mosebetsi oa bona hantle. Bothata ba ho tšoenya ke bo bong ba maloetse a mangata le a kelello ao ho lumeloang hore a susumelitsoe ke ho sebelisana ho rarahaneng ha li-neurotransmitters.
Lisebelisoa:
Beinfeld, Margery C. "Cholecystokinin." Psychopharmacology-Moloko oa 4 oa Khatelo-pele. 2000.
Kaplan MD, Harold I. le Sadock MD, Benjamin J. Senyesemane sa Psychiatry, Khatiso ea Borobeli . Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. 1998.
Paul, Steven M. "GABA le Glycine." Psychopharmacology-Moloko oa 4 oa Khatelo-pele. 2000.