Meriana ke e 'ngoe ea likhetho tse ratoang ka ho fetisisa le tse sebetsang bakeng sa phekolo ea tšabo, tšabo ea ho tšoha le agoraphobia . Ngaka ea hao e ka 'na ea fana ka meriana ho thusa ho fokotsa hore na ts'oaetso ea hao ea ts'oaetso e matla hakae, e fokotsa maikutlo a hau a ho tšoenyeha,' me e ka sebetsana le maemo afe kapa afe , ho tepella maikutlong.
Meriana ea lefu la ho tšoha e tloaelehile ka likarolo tse peli: li-anti- depressants le lithethefatsi tse khahlanong le matšoenyeho.
Ho tepella maikutlo
Ha ho qala ho tsejoa lilemong tsa bo-1950, li-anti-depressing li ne li sebelisoa ka ho khetheha ho sebetsana le mathata a mehopolo, ho akarelletsa ho tepella maikutlong le lefu la ho ferekana kelellong. Leha ho le joalo, hamorao ho ile ha fumanoa hore meriana ena e atleha ho thusa ho fokotsa khatello ea kelello, ho fokotsa matšoao a ho tšoha, le ho fokotsa matla a ho hlaseloa ke tšabo . Hangata meriana e imetsoeng kelellong e sebelisoa ho sebetsana le mathata a mangata a ho tšoenyeha, ho akarelletsa le ho tšoenyeha ha tšabo le agoraphobia.
Ho tepella maikutlo ho ama lik'hemik'hale tse ling bokong, tse tsejoang e le neurotransmitters . Ho nahanoa hore ke mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea manģosa ana a lik'hemik'hale a buisanang pakeng tsa lisele tsa boko.
Selectional Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Selectional Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, kapa feela SSRIs, ke sehlopha se tummeng sa ho tepella maikutlo se fuoeng ho fokotsa matšoao a ho tšoenyeha le ho tepella maikutlong . Meriana ena e ama serotonin, e leng neurotransmitter ea tlhaho ea tlhaho bokong.
SSRIs e sebetsa ka ho susumetsa feela maemo a serotonin (a khethiloeng) le ho qoba ho sebelisoa ha serotonin (reuptake) ka methapo ea methapo bokong. Ka ho lekanyetsa ho sebetsa ha serotonin ea motho, SSRIs e khona ho fokotsa ho tšoenyeha le ho ntlafatsa maikutlo.
Liphuputso li bontšitse katleho ea nako e telele ea SRRIs.
Meriana ena e boetse e fumanoe e etsa hore ho be le litla-morao tse fokolang, e leng ho etsang hore e be meriana ea meriana e khethehileng bakeng sa khathatso ea tšabo.
Li-SSRI tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa:
Tricyclic Ho tepella maikutlo (TCAs)
Tricyclic ho loantšana ha maikutlo, kapa li-TCA, li ne li tumme haholoanyane ho phekola mafu a mabeli le matšoenyeho pele li-SSRIs li kenngoa. Leha ho le joalo, li-TCA li ntse li le khetho e atlehang ea phekolo bakeng sa batho ba nang le mathata a ho tšoenyeha . Joaloka li-SSRI, li-TCA li sebetsa ho thibela phetolelo ea lik'hemik'hale serotonin. Ho phaella moo, li-TCA tse ngata li boetse li thibela phetoho ea norepinephrine , e 'ngoe ea li-neurotransmitter boko bo atisang ho amahanngoa le karabo ea khatello ea ntoa kapa ea sefofane .
TCA e tloaelehileng e kenyeletsa:
- Amitriptyline (Elavil)
- Amoxapine (Asendin)
- Desipramine (Norramine)
- Doxepin (Adapin, Sinequan)
- Imipramine (Tofranil)
- Nortriptyline (Pamelor)
- Protriptyline (Vivactil)
- Trimipramine (Surmontil)
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) ke e 'ngoe ea li-anti-depressing tse qalileng ka ho fetisisa tse sebelisetsoang ho sebetsana ka katleho le mehopolo ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho. MAOIs mosebetsi ka ho thibela tšebetso ea enzyme, monoamine oxidase . Enzyme ena e ameha ho senya methapo ea li-neurotransmitter e kang norepinephrine, serotonin le dopamine.
Dopamine e thusa ho laola mesebetsi e mengata, ho kopanyelletsa le tsamaiso, maemo a matla a 'mele, le maikutlo a susumetsang.
Ho sa tsotellehe katleho ea bona, MAOIs e behiloe ka makhetlo a fokolang ka lebaka la lithibelo tse hlokahalang tsa lijo ha li li nka le monyetla oa ho sebelisana haholo ha lithethefatsi tse ka etsoang ha u nka MAOI le meriana e meng.
MAOI e tloaelehileng e kenyeletsa:
- Phenelzine (Nardil)
- Tranylcypromine (Parnate)
- Isocarboxazid (Marplan)
- Selegiline (Emsam)
Meriana ea Anti-Anxiety
Meriana e thibelang ho tšoenyeha e laeloa bakeng sa phomolo ea bona e potlakileng ea matšoao a tšokelo. Meriana ena e thusa ho phomola tsamaiso ea methapo e ka hare , e ka fokotsang matla a ho tšoha 'me ea etsa hore motho a ikutloe a khutsitse.
Ka lebaka la phello ea bona e khutsitseng le phomolo e potlakileng, meriana e thibelang ho tšoenyeha hangata e laeloa hore e tšoaroe ke lefu la tšabo.
Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines ke sehlopha se atisang ho rutoa sa meriana e khahlanong le ho tšoenyeha ka lebaka la ho tšoenyeha ha tšabo. Tsejoa ka hore li na le tšoaetso e matla, meriana ena e ka fokotsa matšoao a tšohanyetso ka potlako 'me ea etsa hore boemo bo phutholohe haholoanyane. Benzodiazepines e theoha tlaase ho tsamaiso ea methapo ea methapo ka ho lebisa tlhokomelo ea li-gamma-aminobutyric acid ( receptors ) tsa GABA boko, e leng se etsang hore motho a ikutloe a phomola. Ho sa tsotellehe likotsi tse ka bang kotsi le litla-morao tsa meriana ena, benzodiazepine e fumanoe e sireletsehile le ka katleho ho tšoaroa ke lefu la tšabo.
Hangata benzodiazepines e kenyeletsa:
- Xanax (alprazolam)
- Klonopin (clonazepam)
- Valium (diazepam)
- Ativan (lorazepam)
- Librium (chloridezepoxide)
Lisebelisoa
Mokhatlo oa American Psychiatric (2013). Buka ea ho hlahloba le ea ho latellana ea mafu a kelello, 5th. Washington, DC: Mongoli.
Preston, John D., O'Neal, John H., Talaga, Mary C. (2010). Handbook of Clinical Psychopharmacology bakeng sa Therapist, 6th ed. 2010 Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.
Silverman, Harold M. (2012). Pill Book. 15th ed. New York, NY: Bantam Libuka.