Hantle-ntle tsamaiso ea methapo ea methapo ke efe 'me e bapala karolo efe' meleng? Ntlha ea pele, ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore tsamaiso ea methapo e arotsoe likarolo tse peli: tsamaiso ea methapo ea mantlha le tsamaiso ea methapo ea methapo. Tsamaiso ea methapo ea mantlha e akarelletsa boko le mokokotlo oa mokokotlo, ha tsamaiso ea methapo ea methapo e akarelletsa methapo eohle e tsoang bokong le mokokotlong le ho fetisetsa likarolo tse ling tsa 'mele ho kenyeletsa mesifa le litho tsa' mele.
Karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tsamaiso e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa mabapi le hore na tlhahiso-leseling e fetisoa joang 'meleng.
A re ithute ka ho hongata ka mesebetsi le mokhoa oa tsamaiso ea methapo ea methapo.
Tsamaiso ea Neripheral ke Eng?
Tsamaiso ea methapo ea methapo (PNS) ke ho arohana ha tsamaiso ea methapo e nang le methapo eohle e ka ntle ho tsamaiso ea methapo ea mantlha (CNS). Karolo e ka sehloohong ea PNS ke ho hokahanya CNS ho litho, maoto le letlalo. Metsing ena e theoha ho tloha tsamaisong ea methapo ea bohareng ho ea likarolong tse ka thōko tsa 'mele. Tsamaiso ea lisele e lumella boko le mokokotlo ho fumana le ho romella tlhahisoleseding ho likarolo tse ling tsa 'mele, e leng se re lumellang ho itšoara habonolo tikolohong ea rona.
Matšoao a etsang tsamaiso ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo e hlile e le li-axon kapa likotlolo tsa li-axon tse tsoang lisele tsa neuron . Maemong a mang, methapo ena e nyenyane haholo empa likotopo tse ling tsa mantlha li kholo hoo li ka bonang habonolo ke leihlo la motho.
Tsamaiso ea methapo ea meriana ka boeona e arotsoe likarolo tse peli:
- Sesebelisoa sa manonyeletso sa somatic
- Symphone ea methapo ea boithaopo
E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea likarolo tsena e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa tabeng ea hore na tsamaiso ea methapo ea methapo e sebetsa joang.
Tsamaiso ea Matšoao a Somatic
The somatic system ke karolo ea tsamaiso ea methapo ea methapo e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho nka boitsebiso bo utloahalang le ba motlakase ho tloha le ho tloha tsamaisong ea methapo ea bohareng.
Tsamaiso ea methapo ea methapo e fumana lebitso la eona ho tsoa lentsoeng la Segerike soma , le bolelang "'mele."
Lenaneo la somatic le na le boikarabello ba ho fetisa tlhahisoleseding ea boikutlo le moithaopi oa boithatelo. Tsamaiso ena e na le mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea li-neurone:
- Li-neurons tse nang le mesifa (kapa afferent neurons) tse nkang boitsebiso bo tsoang mokhoeng oa methapo ho ea ho tsamaiso ea methapo ea bohareng. Ke li-neurons tsena tse re lumellang hore re nke boitsebiso bo utloahalang 'me re bo romele bokong le mokokotlo oa mokokotlo.
- Li-neurons tsa motlakase (kapa li-neurons tse fapaneng) tse nkang boitsebiso bo tsoang bokong le mokokotlo oa mokokotlo ho mefuta ea mesifa ho pholletsa le 'mele. Li-neurons tsena li re lumella hore re nke bohato ba 'mele ka lebaka la tšusumetso tikolohong.
Tsamaiso ea Autonomic Nervous System
Tsamaiso ea motlakase ke karolo ea tsamaiso ea methapo ea methapo e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho laola mesebetsi ea 'mele e sa ameheng, e kang ho phalla mali, ho otloa ha pelo, ho tsuba le ho phefumoloha. Ka mantsoe a mang, ke mokhoa o ikemetseng o laolang likarolo tsa 'mele tseo hangata li seng tlas'a taolo ea boithatelo. Tsamaiso ena e lumella hore mesebetsi ena e be teng ntle le ho hloka ho nahana ka bona e etsahala.
Tsamaiso ena e aroloa hape ka makala a mabeli:
- Tsamaiso ea kutloelo-bohloko e laola likarabo tsa lifofane-kapa-ntoa . Tsamaiso ena e lokisetsa 'mele ho sebelisa matla le ho sebetsana le lits'etsing tse ka' nang tsa e-ba teng tikolohong. Ha ho hlokahala ketso, tsamaiso ea kutloelo-bohloko e tla qala ho arabela ka ho potlakisa lebelo la pelo, ho eketseha ha tefo ea ho hema, ho phahama ha mali ho ea ho mesifa, ho etsa hore motho a phalle ka mofufutso le ho fokotsa bana. Sena se nolofalletsa 'mele hore o arabe ka potlako maemong a hlokang bohato bo potlakileng. Maemong a mang, re ka 'na ra lula' me ra loantša tšoso, ha e le maemong a mang re ka baleha kotsi.
- Lenaneo la parasympathetic le thusa ho boloka mesebetsi e tloaelehileng ea 'mele le ho boloka lisebelisoa tsa nama. Hang ha tšoso e fetile, tsamaiso ena e tla fokotsa palo ea pelo, ho phefumoloha butle, ho fokotsa ho phalla ha mali ho mesifa, le ho thibela bana. Sena se re nolofalletsa ho khutlisetsa 'mele ea rona sebakeng se tloaelehileng sa phomolo.
Lisebelisoa:
Coon, D. & Mitterer, JO Kenyelletso ho Psychology: Litsela tsa Kelello le Boits'oaro ka Moho Mapaolo. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth; 2010.
Eyesenck, MW feela Psychology . New York: Taylor le Francis; 2012.