Ts'ebetso ea methapo e ikemetseng e laola mekhoa e sa tšoaneng ea 'mele e etsoang ntle le boiteko ba ho tseba. Tsamaiso ea motlakase ke karolo ea tsamaiso ea methapo ea methapo e nang le boikarabelo, joalo ka lebitso, e le ho laola mesebetsi ea 'mele e sa ameheng e kang ho otloa ha pelo, tšollo ea mali, ho phefumoloha le ho senya.
The Structure of Autonomic Nervous System
Tsamaiso ena e arohanngoa le makala a mararo: tsamaiso ea kutloelo-bohloko, tsamaiso ea parasympathetic le tsamaiso ea methapo ea enteric.
- Karohano e nang le kutloelo-bohloko ea tsamaiso ea methapo ea boipheliso e laola likarabo tsa lifofane. Karohano ena e boetse e etsa mesebetsi e kang ho phomola senya, ho potlakisa lebelo la pelo, le ho theola bana ba mahlo.
- Karohano ea parasympathetic ea tsamaiso ea methapo ea boithati e thusa ho boloka mesebetsi e tloaelehileng ea 'mele le ho boloka lisebelisoa tsa nama. Karohano ena e boetse e etsa mesebetsi e kang ho laola senya, ho fokotsa lebelo la pelo, le ho thibela bana ba mahlo.
- Ts'ebetso ea methapo ea boithaopo e boetse e entsoe ka karolo ea boraro e tsejoang e le tsamaiso ea methapo ea enteric e koalloang ke pampiri ea masapo.
Ts'ebetso ea methapo ea boithaopo e sebetsa ka ho fumana boitsebiso bo tsoang tikolohong le likarolong tse ling tsa 'mele. Ts'ebetso e nang le kutloelo-bohloko le e nang le tšusumetso ea maikutlo e atisa ho ba le liketso tse hanyetsang tseo tsamaiso e le 'ngoe e tla susumetsa karabo moo e mong a tla e thibela.
Ka tloaelo, ho 'nile ha nahanoa hore ho susumelletseha ho etsoa ka tsamaiso ea kutloelo-bohloko ha ho thibela hore ho be le tšenyo e nepahetseng ka tsamaiso ea parasympathetic.
Leha ho le joalo likhetho tse ngata ho sena li fumanoe. Kajeno tsamaiso ea kutloelo-bohloko e nkoa e le mokhoa o potlakileng oa ho arabela o kopanyang 'mele bakeng sa khato moo tsamaiso ea parasympathetic e lumeloa ho etsa butle-butle ho fokotsa likarabo.
Ka mohlala, tsamaiso ea methapo e nang le kutloelo-bohloko e tla nka bohato ba ho phahamisa khatello ea mali ha tsamaiso ea methapo ea pelo e tla e theola.
Tsamaiso e 'meli e sebetsana hammoho ho laola likarabo tsa' mele ho itšetlehile ka boemo le litlhoko. Haeba, ka mohlala, u tobane le tšoso 'me u hloka ho baleha, tsamaiso ea kutloelo-bohloko e tla potlakisa' mele oa hao hore o nke khato. Hang ha tsotsi e fetile, tsamaiso ea parasympathetic e tla qala ho fokotsa likarabo tsena, butle-butle ho khutlisetsa 'mele oa hau sebakeng sa eona sa tloaelehileng, sa phomolo.
Setsi sa Ntoa ea Autonomic se etsa'ng?
Tsamaiso e ikemetseng e laola mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea mehato e kenyeletsang:
- Ho tsuba
- Khatello ea mali
- Palo ea pelo
- Ho tlosoa le ho fokotseha
- Pupillary response
- Lebelo la ho hema
- Ho arabela ka thobalano
- Mocheso oa 'mele
- Metabolism
- Tekano ea elektrolyte
- Ho hlahisa metsoako ea 'mele ho akarelletsa le ho ruruha le marapo
- Maikutlo a maikutlo
Litsela tse nang le methapo ea boithaopo li kopanya litho tse fapaneng ho ea boko ba mokokotlo kapa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo. Hape ho na le li-neurotransmitters tse peli tsa bohlokoa, kapa manģosa a lik'hemik'hale, tse bohlokoa bakeng sa puisano ka har'a tsamaiso ea methapo ea boithati. Acetylcholine e atisa ho sebelisoa tsamaisong ea parasympathetic ho ba le phello e thibelang ha norepinephrine e atisa ho sebetsa ka hare ho tsamaiso ea kutloelo-bohloko ho ba le phello e susumetsang 'meleng.
Mathata le Ts'ebetso ea Motsoako oa Autonomic
Mathata a 'maloa le lisosa tse ling li ka lebisa ho ferekanngoa tsamaisong ea methapo ea boithaopo.
Tse 'maloa tsa tsona li kenyelletsa lefu la Parkinson, lefu la ho fokola ha pelo, botsofali, mathata a mokokotlo le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi.
Matšoao a bothata ba ho itšireletsa a ka kenyeletsa ho ba le botenya kapa bohlooho bo khanyang ha a ema, ho se sebetse ha erectile, ho hloka bofufu, ho se hloeke ha motsoako kapa bothata ba ho tlosa senya, le ho hloka thuso ha pupillary.
Ho lemoha bothata ba ho itšireletsa ho hloka hore ngaka e hlahlobe e ka kenyelletsang tlhahlobo ea 'mele, ho hatisa khatello ea mali ha mokuli a robala a bile a emile, a hlahlojoa ke karabo ea mofufutso le electrocardiogram. Haeba u belaella hore u ka ba le boloetse ba mofuta o itseng, sheba ngaka ea hau bakeng sa boitsebiso bo eketsehileng le teko.
Lentsoe le Tsoang ho
Tsamaiso ea methapo ea boithaopo e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa 'meleng oa motho, e laola mekhoa e mengata ea' mele e itekanetseng. Tsamaiso ena e boetse e thusa ho lokisa 'mele ho sebetsana ka katleho le khatello ea kelello le lits'oso, hammoho le ho khutlisetsa' mele sebakeng sa phomolo ka morao. Ho ithuta ho eketsehileng ka karolo ena ea tsamaiso ea methapo ho ka u fa kutloisiso e ntlafetseng ea lits'ebetso tse fokotsang boitšoaro bo bongata le likarabo.
> Mehloli:
> Hotta, H, & Uchida, S. Ho tsofala ha tsamaiso ea methapo ea boits'oaro le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetsong ea boipheliso ka ho sebelisa boikutlo bo ts'oanang ba maikutlo. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2010; Tlatse 1: S127-36. doi: 10.1111 / j.1447-0594.2010.00592.x.
> Jänig W. Autonomic Nervous System. Ka: Schmidt RF, Thews G. (eds) Physiology ea Batho. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg; 1989. doi: 10.1007 / 978-3-642-73831-9_16.
> Kreibig, SD. Boikarabelo ba tsamaiso ea methapo ea maikutlo ka maikutlo: Tlhahlobo. Biology Psychology. 2010; 84 (3); 394-421. doi: 10.1016 / j.biopsycho.2010.03.010.
> Straub, RO. Bophelo bo botle ba Psychology: Tsela ea Boiketlo ba Sechaba. New York: Macmillian, 2016.