Likhopolo tse robeli tse kholo tsa Boeta-pele
Likhopolo tsa boetapele li batla ho hlalosa hore na ke hobane'ng ha batho ba itseng e ba baeta-pele. Likhopolo tse joalo li atisa ho tsepamisa maikutlo libopeho tsa baeta-pele, empa ba bang ba leka ho khetholla boitšoaro boo batho ba ka bo nkang ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba bona ba boetapele maemong a fapaneng.
Lipuisanong tsa pele tsa kelello ea boeta-pele e atisa ho fana ka maikutlo a hore litsebo tse joalo e ne e le bokhoni ba batho ba tsoaloeng.
Likhopolo tse ling tsa morao-rao li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho ba le litšobotsi tse itseng ho ka thusa batho hore ba be le ts'ebetso ea tlhaho, empa mekhoa e joalo le mekhoa ea bona ea maemo le eona e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa.
Ho Hlahloba ka ho Fetisisa Likhopolo tsa Boeta-pele
Kaha thahasello ea kelello ea boeta-pele e eketsehile ho feta lilemo tse 100 tse fetileng, likhopolo tse fapaneng tsa boetapele li se li hlalositsoe ho hlalosa hantle hore na ke hobane'ng ha batho ba bang e ba baetapele ba baholo.
Ke eng e hlileng e etsang moeta-pele e moholo? Na litšobotsi tse itseng tsa botho li etsa hore batho ba be le maemo a ts'oanang le boeta-pele, kapa litšoaneleho tsa boemo bo etsa hore batho ba itseng ba be le boikarabelo? Ha re sheba baeta-pele ba re potolohileng - e ka ba mohiri oa rona kapa Mopresidente - re ka iphumana re ipotsa hore na ke hobane'ng ha batho bana ba le boemong bo phahameng joalo.
Batho ba 'nile ba thahasella boeta-pele ho pholletsa le histori ea batho, empa e se e le morao tjena hore likhopolo tse ngata tsa boetapele li hlahile.
Thahasello boetapele bo ile ba eketseha karolong ea pele ea lekholo la mashome a mabeli a lilemo. Likhopolo tsa pele tsa boeta-pele li ne li tsepamisitse maikutlo mabapi le litšobotsi life tse khetholloang lipakeng tsa baeta-pele le balateli, ha litsebi tse latelang li sheba mefuta e meng e kang maemo a boemo bo botle le maemo a tsebo. Haeba u ka rata ho tseba ho eketsehileng ka mokhoa oa hau oa boeta-pele, lipotso tsena li ka u thusa hore u ithute ho eketsehileng.
Le hoja likhopolo tse ngata tse fapaneng tsa boetapele li hlahile, boholo ba tsona bo ka hlalosoa e le e 'ngoe ea mefuta e meholo e robeli:
1. Likhopolo tsa "Motho e Moholo"
Na u kile ua utloa motho e mong a hlalosoa e le "ea tsoaletsoeng ho etella pele?" Ho ea ka pono ena, baeta-pele ba baholo ba tsoaloa feela ka litšoaneleho tse hlokahalang tse ka hare, tse kang cheseho, tšepo, bohlale le litsebo tsa sechaba tse ba etsang baeta-pele ba tlhaho.
Likhopolo tse kholo tsa batho li nahana hore matla a boeta-pele a tsoaloa - ke hore baeta-pele ba baholo ba tsoaloa, ha baa etsoa. Likhopolo tsena li atisa ho hlalosa baeta-pele ba bangata e le bahale, ba makatsang le ba reretsoeng ho ema ho boeta-pele ha ho hlokahala. Lentsoe "Motho e Moholo" le ne le sebelisoa hobane, ka nako eo, boeta-pele bo ne bo nkoa e le boleng ba banna, haholo-holo ka boeta-pele ba sesole.
2. Likhopolo tsa Tšoaro
Ho latela litsela tse ling ho Likhopolo-kholo tsa Batho ba Phahameng, likhopolo-taba li nka hore batho ba futsitse litšobotsi le mekhoa e itseng e etsang hore ba tšoanelehe ho baetapele. Hangata likhopolo tsa boitšoaro li khetholla botho bo itseng kapa liketso tsa boitšoaro tse arolelanoang ke baetapele. Ka mohlala, litšobotsi tse kang ho tsitlella maikutlo , ho itšepa, le sebete ke litšobotsi tsohle tse ka 'nang tsa amahanngoa le baetapele ba baholo.
Haeba litšobotsi tse itseng ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa boeta-pele, joale re hlalosetsa batho ba nang le litšobotsi tseo joang empa e se baetapele?
Potso ena ke e 'ngoe ea mathata a ho sebelisa likhopolo tsa boitšoaro ho hlalosa boeta-pele. Ho na le batho ba bangata ba nang le litšoaneleho tsa botho tse amanang le boeta-pele, leha ho le joalo batho ba bangata ha ba batle maemo a boeta-pele.
3. Khopolo-taba
Likhopolo tse sa tsitsang tsa boeta-pele li lebisa tlhokomelo ho mefuta e itseng e amanang le tikoloho e ka 'nang ea khetholla mokhoa o itseng oa boeta-pele o loketseng hantle bakeng sa boemo. Ho ea ka khopolo ena, ha ho mokhoa oa boetapele o molemo ka ho fetisisa maemong 'ohle.
Bafuputsi ba Boetapele White le Hodgson ba fana ka maikutlo a hore boeta-pele bo sebetsang ba sebele hase feela ka litšoaneleho tsa moeta-pele, ke ho etsa hore ho be le tekanyo e nepahetseng pakeng tsa boitšoaro, litlhoko le moelelo.
Baeta-pele ba molemo ba khona ho hlahloba litlhoko tsa balateli ba bona, ho fumana boemo ba bona, ebe ba fetola boitšoaro ba bona ka tsela e nepahetseng. Katleho e itšetlehile ka mefuta e fapaneng ea mefuta e kenyelletsang mokhoa oa boeta-pele, litšoaneleho tsa balateli le likarolo tsa boemo.
4. Khopolo-taba ea maemo
Likhopolo tsa boemo bo botle li fana ka maikutlo a hore baetapele ba khetha tsela e molemo ka ho fetisisa e itšetlehileng ka mekhoa ea maemo. Mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea boeta-pele e ka ba e loketseng haholo bakeng sa mefuta e itseng ea ho etsa liqeto. Ka mohlala, boemong boo moetapele e leng setho se nang le tsebo le se nang le phihlelo ka sehlopha, mokhoa oa bolaoli o ka ba o loketseng haholo. Maemong a mang moo litho tsa sehlopha li leng litsebi tse nang le tsebo, mokhoa oa demokrasi o tla ba o atlehang.
5. Khopolo-taba ea boitšoaro
Likhopolo tsa boetapele li thehiloe holim'a tumelo ea hore baeta-pele ba bangata ba etsoa, ha ba tsoaloe. Ak'u nahane ka taba ea flip-side of the Great Man likhopolo. E thehiloe boits'oetsing, khopolo ena ea boetapele e lebisa tlhokomelo liketsong tsa baeta-pele, eseng ka litšoaneleho tsa kelello kapa lipolelo tsa ka hare. Ho latela khopolo ena, batho ba ka ithuta ho ba baeta-pele ka ho ruta le ho shebella.
6. Khopolo-taba
Likhopolo tsa boetapele ba ts'ebetso li bontša hore mokhoa o motle oa boeta-pele ke oona o nkang ba bang maikutlo. Baeta-pele bana ba khothaletsa ho kenya letsoho le menehelo ho tsoa ho litho tsa sehlopha le ho thusa litho tsa sehlopha hore li ikutloe e le tsa bohlokoa ebile li ikemiselitse ho etsa liqeto. Ho latela likhopolo tse kopanetsoeng, moeta-pele o na le tokelo ea ho lumella lipolelo tsa ba bang.
7. Khopolo-taba ea tsamaiso
Likhopolo tsa tsamaiso, tse tsejoang hape e le likhopolo-taba tsa khoebo , tsepamisa kelello karolong ea tataiso, tlhophiso le ts'ebetso ea sehlopha. Likhopolo tsena li theha boeta-pele holim'a tsamaiso ea litlhohonolofatso le kotlo. Litsebi tsa tsamaiso li atisa ho sebelisoa khoebong; ha basebetsi ba atleha, ba putsoa; ha ba hlōleha, ba khalemeloa kapa ba fuoa kotlo. Ithute ho eketsehileng ka likhopolo tsa boeta-pele ba tsamaiso .
8. Likhopolo tsa puisano
Litumelo tse amanang le likamano, tseo hape li tsejoang e le likhopolo tsa phetoho, li lebisa tlhokomelo ho likamano tse thehiloeng pakeng tsa baetapele le balateli Baeta-pele ba phetoho ba susumetsa le ho susumetsa batho ka ho thusa litho tsa sehlopha ho bona bohlokoa le ho ntlafatsa mosebetsi ona. Baeta-pele bana ba tsepamisitse maikutlo mosebetsing oa litho tsa sehlopha, empa hape ba batla hore motho e mong le e mong a phethe bokhoni ba hae. Baeta-pele ba nang le mokhoa ona ba atisa ho ba le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa boitšoaro.
Lentsoe le Tsoang ho
Ho na le litsela tse fapaneng tsa ho nahana ka boeta-pele, ho tloha ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho litšobotsi tsa botho ba boeta-pele ho hatisa lintlha tsa boemo bo thusang ho fumana hore na batho ba etella pele joang. Joaloka lintho tse ngata, boeta-pele ke taba e ngata haholo 'me ke motsoako oa lintlha tse ngata tse thusang hore na ke hobane'ng ha batho ba bang e le baetapele ba baholo. Ithute ho eketsehileng ka lintho tse ling tse etsang hore batho ba be le matla a baeta-pele ke tsela e le 'ngoe ea ho ntlafatsa tsebo ea hau.
> Mohloli:
> Gill, R. (2011). Thuto le tloaelo ea boeta-pele. London: SAGE Lingoliloeng.