Li-neurons li fetisetsa boitsebiso ho pholletsa le 'mele
Neuron ke sele ea methapo eo e leng motheo oa mohaho oa tsamaiso ea methapo. Li-neurons li tšoana le lisele tse ling 'meleng oa motho ka litsela tse' maloa, empa ho na le phapang e le 'ngoe ea bohlokoa pakeng tsa neurons le lisele tse ling. Li-neurons li khethehile ho fetisetsa boitsebiso ho pholletsa le 'mele.
Lisele tse nang le methapo e khethehileng haholo li na le boikarabelo ba ho buisana le boitsebiso likarolong tsohle tsa lik'hemik'hale le tsa motlakase.
Hape ho na le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea li-neurone tse ikarabellang mesebetsing e fapaneng 'meleng oa motho.
Li-neurons tse utloahalang li jara tlhahiso-leseling ho tloha lisele tse amohelang lisele ho pholletsa le 'mele ho ea bokong. Li-motor neurons li fetisetsa boitsebiso bo tsoang bokong ho ea mesifa ea 'mele. Li-interneurons li na le boikarabello ba ho buisana le tsebo pakeng tsa li-neuron tse fapaneng 'meleng.
Neurons vs. Lisele Tse Ling
Ho tšoana le lisele tse ling:
- Li-neurone le lisele tse ling tsa 'mele li na le mokokotlo o nang le boitsebiso ba liphatsa tsa lefutso.
- Li-neurons le lisele tse ling tsa 'mele li pota-potiloe ke lera le sireletsang sele.
- Lihlopha tsa lisele tse peli li na le organelles e tšehetsang bophelo ba sele, ho akarelletsa mitochondria, 'mele ea Golgi le cytoplasm.
Ho se tšoane ho etsang hore methapo e ikhethang:
- Ho fapana le lisele tse ling tsa 'mele, li-neurons li khaotsa ho ikatisa nakoana ka mor'a hore ba tsoaloe. Ka lebaka la sena, likarolo tse ling tsa boko li na le li-neurone tse ngata ha li hlaha ho feta hamorao bophelong hobane li-neurons li shoa empa ha li nkeloe sebaka. Le hoja li-neurons li sa ikatise libakeng tse ngata tsa boko, lipatlisiso li bontšitse hore ho na le maqhama a macha pakeng tsa neurons ho pholletsa le bophelo. K'homphieutha , kapa sebopeho sa lisele tse ncha tsa methapo ea pelo, li etsahala likarolong tse ling tsa boko bophelong bohle.
- Li-neurons li na le lera le etselitsoeng ho romela tlhahisoleseding ho lisele tse ling. Li-axon le dendrites ke mehaho e khethehileng e etselitsoeng ho fetisa le ho amohela tlhahisoleseding. Likamano pakeng tsa lisele li tsejoa e le synapses. Li-neurons li lokolla lik'hemik'hale tse tsejoang e le li-neurotransmitters li-synapses tsena ho buisana le li-neurons tse ling.
The Structure of a Neuron
Ho na le likarolo tse tharo tsa motheo tsa neuron : li-dendrites, 'mele oa sele, le axon. Leha ho le joalo, li-neuron tsohle lia fapana ka boholo, sebōpeho, le litšobotsi ho itšetlehile ka mosebetsi le karolo ea neuron.
Li-neurons tse ling li na le makala a seng makae a dendritic, ha tse ling li le makaleng a mangata e le hore li fumane boitsebiso bo bongata. Li-neurone tse ling li na le li-shortx tse khutšoanyane, ha tse ling li ka ba nako e telele haholo. Nako e telele ho feta e 'ngoe ea' mele oa motho e theoha ho tloha tlaase ho mokokotlo ho fihlela monoaneng o moholo le bophara bo bolelele ba limithara tse ka bang tharo!
Liketso Tse ka Etsanghalang
Li-neurons li fetisetsa joang le ho fumana tlhahisoleseding? E le hore li-neurons li buisane, li hloka ho fetisetsa boitsebiso bobeli ka har'a neuron le ho tloha ho neurone e 'ngoe ho ea ho e latelang. Ts'ebetso ena e sebelisa lipontšo tse peli tsa motlakase hammoho le manģosa a lik'hemik'hale.
Ba-dendrites ba neurons ba fumana boitsebiso ho tswa ho li-sensory receptors kapa li-neurons tse ling. Boitsebiso bona bo fetisetsoa mobung oa sele le ho ea ho axon. Hang ha boitsebiso bo fihlile ho axon, e theoha tlaase ea axon ka mokhoa oa motlakase o tsejoang e le bokhoni ba ho nka bohato .
Puisano pakeng tsa Synapses
Hang ha tšusumetso ea motlakase e fihlile qetellong ea axon, tlhahiso-leseling e tlameha ho fetisetsoa kahare ho synaptic gap ho dendrites ea joint joints.
Maemong a mang, letšoao la motlakase le ka potlakisa ho arohana lekhalo pakeng tsa methapo le ho tsoela pele tseleng ea lona.
Maemong a mang, ho hlokahala li-neurotransmitters ho romela boitsebiso ho tloha ho e 'ngoe ho ea ho e' ngoe. Li-neurotransmitters ke manģosa a lik'hemik'hale a lokolloang li-terminon terminals ho tšela sekheo sa synaptic le ho fihla libakeng tsa ho amohela li-neurone tse ling. Ka mokhoa o tsejoang e le reuptake, li-neurotransmitters tsena li hokahane le sebaka sa ho amohela 'me li nchafatsoa ke neuron hore e sebelisoe hape.
Li-neurotransmitters
Li-neurotransmitters ke karolo ea bohlokoa mosebetsing oa rona oa letsatsi le letsatsi. Le hoja ho sa tsejoe hantle hore na ho na le li-neurotransmitters tse kae, bo-rasaense ba fumane tse fetang 100 tsa lik'hemik'hale tsena tsa lik'hemik'hale.
Ho na le liphello life tseo li-neurotransmitter tsena li nang le tsona 'meleng? Ho etsahala'ng ha mafu kapa lithethefatsi li kena-kenana le manģosa ana a lik'hemik'hale? Lintlha tse latelang ke tse 'maloa feela tsa li-neurotransmitters tse kholo, liphello tsa tsona tse tsejoang, le mathata ao ba amanang le' ona.
Acetylcholine: Ho kopantsoe le mohopolo, ho senya mesifa le ho ithuta. Ho haelloa ke acetylcholine bokong ho amahanngoa le lefu la Alzheimer.
Endorphins: Ho kopantsoe le maikutlo le kutloisiso ea bohloko. 'Mele o ntša endorphins ho arabela tšabo kapa tsietsi. Ts'ebetso ena ea lik'hemik'hale e tšoana le lithethefatsi tse kang morphine empa li matla haholo.
Dopamine: Ho kopantsoe le monahano le maikutlo a thabisang. Lefu la Parkinson ke boloetse bo le bong bo amanang le bothata ba dopamine. Lingaka li ka 'na tsa fana ka meriana e ka eketsang ts'ebetso ea dopamine bokong. Sehlopha se seng ke dopamine agonists, e etsisang liphello tsa dopamine. Mofuta o mong oa moemeli ke levodopa, e fetoletsoeng e le dopamine bokong. E mong le e mong o na le melemo ea hae e amanang le litla-morao. Bafuputsi le bona ba fumane likamano tse matla pakeng tsa schizophrenia le dopamine e feteletseng likarolong tse ling tsa boko.
> Mehloli:
> Mafu a Parkinson. Setsi sa Sechaba sa Bophelo bo botle, Websaete ea Senior Aging. E ntlafalitsoe ka June, 2016.
> Thompson, RF Boko: Ntho ea pele ea phekolo ea kelello. New York: Bahoeletsi ba Bohlokoa; 2000.