Lefu la khatello ea kelello ( Post-traumatic stress disorder ) (PTSD) ke khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea kelello e bakang ho sebetsana le ho hopola lintho tse bohloko tse sa lokelang. Ka lebaka la tsela eo lintho tsena li hopolang lintho ka eona, bakuli ba nang le PTSD ba bontša matšoao a kang mehopolo e tloaelehileng mabapi le ketsahalo eo; litlokotsi tse bohloko tse bohloko; li-flashbacks tse fapaneng; ho itšireletsa ; ho itšoara ka likotsi; le karabo e feteletseng ea karabo.
Likarolo tsa Boko li Susumelitsoe ke PTSD
Mehaho e meng ea boko e amana haholo le matšoao a PTSD. Mehaho ena e kenyelletsa amygdala le hippocampus (e leng karolo ea tsamaiso ea limbic); likarolo tse 'maloa tsa prefrontal cortex (PFC); e bohareng ba-anterior cingulate cortex le tokelo e tlaasana tlase gyrus. PTSD e etsa hore phetoho ea hyper-e sebelisoe ke tse ling tsa likarolo tseo likarolo tse ling tsa boko li fetoha boikaketsi.
Bobeli ba li-amygdala le bohareng ba li-cortex tse ka hare-hare li ba matla-hohle ha motho a e-na le PTSD. Leha ho le joalo, hippocampus, gyrus e ka tlaasana e ka tlaasana, phosphori ea PFC, dorsolateral PFC, le orbitofrontal cortex kaofela e fetoha hypoactive, tse ling ho isa boemong ba atrophy.
Ka kakaretso, amygdala e laola mesebetsi e meng ea ho kopanya; tlhahlobo ea ts'oaetso e amanang le likotsi (haholo-holo seo tikolohong e nkoang e le kotsi); ho thehoa le ho boloka mehopolo ea maikutlo; boemo ba tšabo; le ho hokahanya ha mohopolo.
Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa bohareng ba anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) ke ho shebella likhohlano. The ACC e boetse e phetha karolo ea ho lemoha maikutlo (haholo-holo kutloelo-bohloko); ho ngolisa bohloko ba 'mele, le ho laola mesebetsi e ikemetseng e kang lebelo la pelo le khatello ea mali.
Hippocampus e thusa ho laola monko, ho ngolisa libaka le ho hopola.
Haholo-holo hippocampus e thusa ho boloka lintho tse hopola nako e telele, ha e le hantle li thusa ho etsa qeto ea hore na ho etsahala'ng ho tloha mohopolong oa nakoana ho seo e bang sehopotso sa nako e telele. Ts'ebetso ena ea ho fetola mohopolo oa nakoana ho mohopolo oa nako e telele ke seo ho thoeng ke ho hopola mohopolo. Tšenyo ea hippocampus e ka boela ea lokolla cortisol e feteletseng (hormone ea khatello ea kelello).
Gyrus e ka tlase e tlase e tlaase e ameha ho fokotsa ts'oaetso ea kotsi. Liphuputso li bonts'a hore mokhoa oa ho fetola matla a motlakase (TMS) oa sebaka sena sa boko o ka fokotsa boitšoaro bo itseng ba likotsi.
Ts'enyo ea PFC e thusa ho thibela maikutlo a nyahamisang, hammoho le ho bapala karolo ea ho etsa liqeto. E boetse e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa karolong ea morao-rao ea khothaletso ea mohopolo, hammoho le ho laola ho fela - ho fokolloa le ho qetella ho felisoa ha karabo e amohelehang.
PFC ea dorsolateral e etsa hore ho be le liqeto le ho sebetsa mohopolo. Ho hopola mohopolo ho na le tlhahisoleseling ea nakoana pele e fetoha karolo ea mohopolo oa nako e telele nakong ea ho kopanya mohopolo.
Orbitofrontal cortex, e 'ngoe ea likarolo tse sa utloisisoeng tsa boko, ho bonahala eka e kenyelelitsoe ho kopanngoa ha maikutlo le ho bontša meputso e lebeletsoeng le / kapa kotlo boemong bo itseng.
E boetse e fetola maikutlo le ho etsa liqeto.
Ka kakaretso, prefrontal cortex e amahanngoa le mesebetsi e mengata ea boko, ho kopanyelletsa le ho bokellana ha mohopolo le ho laola boroko-bo-robala boroko (boroko bo seng ba REM, bo bitsoang "boroko bo tebileng").
Mosebetsi oa sebaka sohle sa prefrontal cortex o itšetlehile haholo ka tikoloho ea oona ea methapo ea pelo.
Mesebetsi ea Matšoao a Bongo le PTSD
Ha ho hlahlojoa mesebetsi ea mekhoa e sa tšoaneng ea boko, ho lumellana pakeng tsa phetoho ea mekhahlelo ea 'mesebetsi le matšoao a mang a PTSD e hlaka haholoanyane. Ka mohlala, hippocampus e kenyelletsoa "mekhoa e hlakileng ea mohopolo le ho kenyelletsoa ha moelelo oa taba nakong ea tšabo." Ha hippocampus e hlōleha ho sebetsa ka tsela e nepahetseng, e ama tsela eo motho a hopolang le ho hopola lintho ka eona, haholo-holo likhopolo tse nang le tšabo-tse kang tse amanang le ts'oaetso.
Ka mokhoa o ts'oanelang, sena se fana ka maikutlo a ho ipheta-pheta ka ketsahalo; litumelo tse fosahetseng tse fosahetseng; le li-flashbacks tse fapaneng. Liphetoho ho gyrus e ka tlase e ka tlase e tlase ho thusa ho hlalosa hore na ke hobane'ng ha bakuli ba PTSD ba kena liketsong tse kotsi haholo. Mosebetsi o fetisisang oa amygdala o fana ka matšoao a ho itšireletsa le ho arabela ka tsela e feteletseng.
Ha ho hlahloba ka botlalo kamano pakeng tsa boko bo sebetsang le matšoao a matšoao, ho ba bonolo ho utloisisa mekhoa e mengata e rarahaneng ea PTSD. Le hoja ho utloisisa boko ka tsela ena ho ka 'na ha se ke ha fana ka phomolo e tobileng ho motho ea nang le PTSD, ho ka ba molemo ho utloisisa hore na ke hobane'ng ha matšoao a ntse a etsahala,' me ho thusa sechaba sa bongaka se tsoela pele ho hlahisa mehato e atlehileng haholoanyane.
> Mehloli:
> Fecteau S, Pascu-Leone A, et al. Ho sebetsa ha Prefrontal Cortex ka Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ho fokotsa takatso ea kotsi nakong ea ho etsa liqeto tse sa thabiseng. Journal of Neuroscience 2007 Jun 6; 27 (23): 6212-8.
> Hayes JP1, Vanelzakker MB, Shin LM. Maikutlo le maikutlo a ho utloisisa PTSD: tlhahlobo ea lipatlisiso tsa ts'oaetso le tsa mahlo. Meeli ea K'hemik'hale ea Neurosotiki e Khethehileng, 2012 Oct 9; 6: 89.
> Mander BA, Rao V, et al. Ho khetholla ha Prefrontal, ho ferekanya NREM maqhubu a fokolang le mohopolo o sa itšetleheng ka mohopolo oa hippocampal botsofaling. Nature Neuroscience, 2013 Mar; 16 (3): 357-64.
> Shin, L., Rauch, S., le Pitman, R. Amygdala, Bo-Mediater Prefrontal Cortex le Mosebetsi oa Hippocampal PTSD. Annals ea New York Academy of Sciences, 2006 Jul; 1071: 67-79.