Le hoja batho ba bangata ba bolela hore bohlale ba bona bo bonahala bo fokotseha ha ba ntse ba hōla, lipatlisiso li bontša hore le hoja bohlale ba metsi bo qala ho fokotseha ka morao ho bocha, khanya e bohlale e tsoela pele ho eketseha hohle ha motho e moholo.
Ke eng e entsoeng ka metsi a hloekileng le a khabisitsoeng? Raymond Cattell, setsebi sa kelello , o ile a qala ho etsa tlhahiso ea likhopolo tsa boitsebiso bo nang le lisebelisoa tse nang le lisebelisoa le tse khabisitsoeng 'me a ntlafatsa khopolo ena le John Horn.
Tlhaloso ea Cattell-horn ea bohlale le e khabisitsoeng ka bohlale e fana ka maikutlo a hore bohlale bo na le bokhoni bo fapaneng bo kopanelang le bo sebetsang hammoho ho hlahisa bohlale bo akaretsang.
Sepheo sa Fluid Intelligence ke eng?
Cattell o ile a hlalosa bohlale ba metsi e le "... bokhoni ba ho lemoha likamano tse itšetlehileng ka mokhoa o itseng oa pele kapa thuto e amanang le likamano tseo."
Bohlale bo nang le matla a metsi bo akarelletsa ho khona ho nahana le ho beha mabaka ka ho hlaka le ho rarolla mathata. Bokhoni bona bo nkoa e le bo ikemetseng ba thuto, phihlelo le thuto. Mehlala ea tšebeliso ea bohlale ba metsi e kenyeletsa ho rarolla li-puzzles le ho hlahisa mekhoa ea ho rarolla mathata .
Bohlale bo bohlale bo atisa ho theoha ha motho a se a hōlile.
Ke Eng e Bentšang Bohlale?
Bohlale bo khabisitsoeng bo akarelletsa tsebo e tlisoang ke ho ithuta pele le liphihlelo tse fetileng. Boemo bo hlokang ho khabisa bohlale bo kenyeletsa ho bala tlhaloso le litlhahlobo tsa mantsoe.
Bohlale ba mofuta ona bo thehiloe linthong tsa 'nete' me bo thehiloe liphihlelo. Ha re ntse re hōla re bile re bokella tsebo e ncha le kutloisiso, ts'ebeliso ea bohlale e matlafala.
Joalokaha u ka lebella, mofuta ona oa bohlale o atisa ho eketseha ka lilemo.
Likhohlano khahlanong le Crystallized Intelligence
Ho ea ka Knox (1977), "... ba theha bokhoni ba lefatše ba ho ithuta, ho beha mabaka le ho rarolla mathata ao batho ba bangata ba a bitsang bohlale.
Lintho tse ling tsa ho ithuta li ka rutoa haholo-holo ka ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse nang le mokelikeli kapa tse nang le tsebo e fokolang. "
Mefuta e 'meli ea bohlale ke ea bohlokoa bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka mohlala, ha u nka tlhahlobo ea psychology, u ka 'na ua hloka ho itšetleha ka bohlale ba metsi ho tsoa le leano la ho rarolla bothata ba lipalo-palo, ha u ntse u tlameha ho sebelisa bohlale bo khabisitsoeng ho hopola mekhoa e tobileng eo u lokelang ho e sebelisa.
Bohlale ba tlhaho bo sebetsang hammoho le motsoalle oa bona, e leng bohlale bo hlakileng, ke mabaka a mabeli a seo Cattell a neng a se bitsa bohlale bo akaretsang. Le hoja bohlale ba metsi bo kenyelletsa bokhoni ba rona ba ho nahana le ho sebetsana le boitsebiso bo rarahaneng bo re pota-potileng, tsebo e khabisitsoeng e akarelletsa ho ithuta, tsebo le tsebo e fumanoang ho feta bophelo bohle.
Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore ho sa tsotellehe lebitso lena, khanya ea bohlale hase mofuta oa bohlale bo nang le metsi a fetohileng 'kristallised'. Ho e-na le hoo, lintlha tse peli tsa bohlale bo akaretsang li nkoa e le tse fapaneng le tse fapaneng.
Matla a Matla le a Crystallized Bophelong Bohle
Bohlale bo nang le matla a kelello le a khabisitsoeng bo atisa ho fetola bophelo bohle, ho na le bokhoni bo itseng ba kelello ba ho khabisa lintlheng tse fapaneng .
Ho 'nile ha lumeloa hore kelello ea li-fluide e sa le monyenyane haholo bophelong, empa lipatlisiso tse ling tse ncha li fana ka maikutlo a hore likarolo tse ling tsa bohlale bo lerootho li ka ba lilemong tse ka bang 40. Tlhahlobo ea Crystallized e atisa ho ba le tlhōrō hamorao bophelong, .
Lintho tse ling tseo u lokelang ho li hopola ka metsi a hlollang le a khabisitsoeng:
- Mefuta e 'meli ea bohlale e eketseha ho tloha bongoaneng le bocha.
- Bohlale ba kelello bo phahama nakong ea bocha 'me bo qala ho theoha butle-butle ho qala ho pota-potile lilemo tse 30 kapa 40.
- Bohlale bo khabisitsoeng bo ntse bo tsoela pele ho hōla ho pholletsa le batho ba baholo.
Phuputso ea morao tjena e boetse e fana ka maikutlo a hore koetliso ea boko e ka ba le karolo ho ntlafatsa likarolo tse itseng tsa bohlale ba metsi.
Lisebelisoa:
Hurley, D. (2012, la 18 April). Na o ka iketsetsa bohlale? The New York Times Magazine. E khutlisitsoe ho www.nytimes.com/2012/04/22/magazine/can-you-make-yourself-smarter.html
Horn, JL, & Cattell, RB (1967). Ho fapana ha lilemong tsa metsi le metsi a khabisitsoeng. Acta Psychologica , 26, 107-129.
Knox, AB (1977). Tlhahiso ea batho ba baholo le ho ithuta. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.