Ke nako efe bophelong ba hau e fapaneng le matla a kelello? Tse ling tsa liteko tsa khale ka ho fetisisa tsa bohlale li arolelitse batho bohle ba fetang lilemo tse 16 e le "batho ba baholo." Kajeno, bafuputsi ba lemoha hore boko bo ntse bo tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa le ho fetoha ho tloha ha motho a se a hōlile le hore ho na le liphetoho tse kholo tseleng eo boko bo sebetsang ka eona ha batho ba lekana.
Leha ho le joalo, re atisa ho nahana ka boko ba motho e moholo e le ntho e tsitsitseng le e sa fetoheng, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore mekhoa e fapaneng ea kelello e tsitsitse, kapa e ntse e theoha, ho pholletsa le boholo ba batho ba baholo.
Maikutlo a tloaelehileng mabapi le bohlale hangata a fana ka tlhahiso ea hore batho ba fokotse maikutlo a bona ka nakoana, 'me ba latele nako e telele, e liehang ho fihlela lilemong tsa khale.
Hape ho na le tšekamelo ea ho lumela hore ho na le bokhoni bo itseng ba kelello, bo kang ho hlaphoheloa ha lintho tse hloekileng , hangata tlhōrō ea pele ho motho e moholo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, bohlale ba Crystallized hangata bo khothalletsoa ho tlōla ha motho a se a hōlile.
Ho ea ka litsebi tse ling, taba ena ea nako e telele e bontšitsoeng e ka ba e bonolo haholo. Joshua Hartshorne le Laura Germine bafuputsi ba ile ba sebelisa letamo le leholo la barupeluoa ba inthaneteng ho bokella boitsebiso bo mabapi le hore na lilemo tse ling tse nang le matla a kelello ke tse matla ka ho fetisisa. Seo ba se fumaneng ke hore ho ne ho e-na le ts'ebetso e tsotehang ea ha bokhoni bo khethehileng ba tlhōrō.
Matla a mang a kelello Peak Haholo Bophelong
Ho ea ka phuputso e phatlalalitsoeng koranteng ea Psychological Science , likarolo tse fapaneng tsa tlhōrō ea bohlale ea metsi a lilemong tse sa tšoaneng, tse nang le bokhoni bo itseng ba ho hlasela bofelong ba lilemo tse 40.
"Nakong leha e le efe ea lilemo, u ntse u ntlafala linthong tse ling, u ntse u mpefala linthong tse ling, 'me u sehlabeng linthong tse ling. Ho ka etsahala hore ebe ha ho na lilemo tse lekanang le tse ling tsa lintho tse ngata, haholo ho feta tsohle, "a hlalosa mofuputsi Joshua Hartshorne oa MIT le e mong oa baithuti ba ithutoang.
Hartshorne o kile a fumana hore pono ea nako e khutšoanyane e hopola ka hare ho lilemo tse 30 pele e qala ho theoha. Phuputsong ea 2011, Germine e fumane hore bokhoni ba ho lemoha lifahleho bo boetse bo ntlafatsa ho fihlela batho ba le lilemong tse 30 tsa pele 'me ba qala ho theoha butle-butle.
Ha ba cheka ka ho teba, ba ile ba qala ho sheba litlaleho tsa boitsebiso bo tsoang litekong tsa khale tsa tlhahlobo. Seo ba se fumaneng ke hore ho ne ho bonahala eka ha ho na letho le phahameng la kelello. Ho e-na le hoo, bokhoni bo sa tšoaneng bo bonahala bo le tlhōrōng ea lilemo tse sa tšoaneng le tse ling tse makatsang. Liphello tsena li ile tsa etsa hore ba batlisise hore na bokhoni ba kelello bo fetoha joang ka lilemo.
Mekhoa e Meholo e Meholo ea Inthaneteng e Bonoa ka Tsela e ikhethang ka Matla a Kelello
Phuputso ea morao-rao e ile ea khona ho atamela sampong e kholo ea marang-rang ea barupeluoa ba ileng ba sebelisa liwebsaetewithwords.org le testmybrain.org. Ba sebelisa mokhoa ona, bafuputsi ba ile ba khona ho bokella data ho batho ba ka bang 50 000 ho pholletsa le lilemo tse ngata. Mefuta e mene e fapaneng ea mesebetsi ea kutloisiso e ne e sebelisoa hammoho le mosebetsi o le mong o neng o sheba bokhoni ba ho lemoha litaba tsa maikutlo tsa batho ba bang. Hartshorne le lipatlisiso tsa pele tsa Germine li bontšitse hore mesebetsi ena e lekane le bokhoni ba kelello bo fetohang ha batho ba ntse ba hōla.
Liphello li senola seo bafuputsi ba se bitsang "heterogeneity e kholo nakong eo bokhoni ba ho nahanisisa ka eona bo phahameng."
Ha kelello e Matla Peak?
E 'ngoe ea lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse fumanoang liphuputsong tsa moraorao le lipatlisiso tse fetileng:
- 18-19: Litlhōrō tsa lebelo la ho fana ka tlhahiso-leseling ka nako ea pele, joale hang-hang li qala ho theoha.
- 25: Khopolo ea nakoana e ntlafala ho fihlela e le lilemo tse ka bang 25. E lula e tsitsitse ho fihlela e qala ho theoha ho pota lilemo tse 35.
- 30: Hopola lifahleho 'me o qala ho theoha butle-butle.
- 35: Khopolo ea hau ea nakoana e qala ho fokola le ho theoha.
- 40s-50s: Kutloisiso ea maikutlo e phahame bohareng ba nako e telele motho e moholo.
- 60s: Matla a mantsoe a ntse a eketseha.
- 60s le 70s: Tsebo e kenyelletsoeng, kapa tsebo e bokellaneng le lintlha tse mabapi le lefats'e, li phahama nakong ea bophelo.
Le ha liphello tse hlahisang bohlale li phahama hamorao bophelong li lumellana le liphuputso tsa pejana, thuto ena e fana ka maikutlo a hore tlhōrō ena e etsahala hamorao bophelong ho feta pele ho lumeloa. Ke'ng se ka hlalosang tlhōrō ea morao ea bokhoni ba kelello? Mofuputsi o fana ka maikutlo a hore liphello tsa bona li ka 'na tsa bakoa ke taba ea hore batho ba na le thuto e eketsehileng, phihlelo e kholo ea boitsebiso, le mesebetsi e meng e hlokang kelellong ho feta meloko e fetileng ea batho ba baholo.
Liphello li bontša hore le hoja boko ba khale bo ka 'na ba lieha, ba ka' na ba e-ba ba nepahetseng haholoanyane, ba nang le tsebo, ba bile ba khona ho hlahloba boikutlo ba maikutlo le maikutlo a ba bang.
Bafuputsi ba ntse ba tsoela pele ka lipatlisiso tsa bona tsa marang-rang ka ho hlahisa mesebetsi e meng ea kutloisiso hammoho le liteko tse etselitsoeng ho lekanya bokhoni ba lipuo, ts'ebetso ea bolaoli, le tsebo ea sechaba le tsa maikutlo. Ba boetse ba lumela hore lipatlisiso tse ling li hlokahalang ho fumana hantle hore na ke hobane'ng ha matla a kelello a phahame ka lilemo tse fapaneng.
"Re ile ra nka likhopolo tse teng tse neng li le teng moo 'me ra bontša hore kaofela ha tsona li fosahetse. Potso ea joale ke hore: Ke eng e nepahetseng? Hore re fumane karabo eo, re tla hloka ho khanna lithuto tse ngata le ho bokella boitsebiso bo bongata, "ho boletse Hartshorne.
Litlhahiso:
Hartshorne, JK, & Germine, LT (2015). Tlhaloso ea ts'ebetso ea nako e kae? Ho phahama ha asynchronous le ho oa ha bokhoni bo fapaneng ba kutloisiso ho pholletsa le nako ea bophelo. Psychological Science, doi: 10.1177 / 0956797614567339.
Trafton, A. (2015, la 6 March). Ho phahama le ho oa ha tsebo ea ho tseba tsebo: Litsebi tsa mahlale li fumana hore likarolo tse fapaneng tsa boko li sebetsa hantle le tse fapaneng lilemo tse ngata. MIT News. E khutliselitsoe ho http://newsoffice.mit.edu/2015/brain-peaks-at-different-ages-0306