Bohlale ba tlhaho , bo tsejoang hape e le g factor, bo bolela ho ba le matla a kelello a pharaletseng a susumetsang ho sebetsana le litekanyetso tsa bokhoni ba kutloisiso. Charles Spearman o ile a qala ka ho hlalosa hore ho na le bohlale bo akaretsang ka 1904. Ho ea ka Spearman, ntlha ena e ne e ikarabella ka tshebetso e akaretsang ea liteko tsa kelello. Spearman o boletse hore le hoja ka sebele batho ba ne ba ka ba ba ipabole libakeng tse itseng, mme ba atisa ho etsa hantle libakeng tse ling.
Ka mohlala, motho ea etsang hantle ka tlhahlobo ea mantsoe a ka 'na a sebetsa hantle litekong tse ling.
Ba nang le maikutlo ana ba lumela hore bohlale bo ka lekanyetsoa le ho hlalosoa ka nomoro e le 'ngoe, e kang phapang ea IQ . Khopolo ke hore ts'ebeliso ena ea tlhaho e bohlale e susumetsa ts'ebetsong mesebetsing eohle ea tsebo.
Bohlale bo bohlale bo ka tšoantšoa le baatlelete. Motho a ka 'na a ba semathi se nang le tsebo, empa sena ha se bolele hore e tla ba sebapali se babatsehang sa skater. Leha ho le joalo, hobane motho enoa ke moatlelete ebile o tšoaneleha, mohlomong ba tla etsa mesebetsi e meng ea bohlokoa ho feta motho ea sa sebetsanang le eena le ea fokolang haholoanyane.
Motsamaisi le General Intelligence
Charles Spearman e ne e le e mong oa bafuputsi ba ileng ba thusa ho hlahisa mokhoa oa lipalo-palo o tsejoang e le ho hlahloba lintlha. Tlhahlobo ea 'nete e lumella bafuputsi hore ba etse lintho tse fapaneng tsa liteko tse ka lekanyetsang bokhoni bo tloaelehileng.
Ka mohlala, bafuputsi ba ka fumana hore batho ba behang hantle lipotso tse lekanyang mantsoe le bona ba ntlafatsa lipotso tse amanang le kutloisiso ea ho bala.
Spearman o ne a lumela hore bohlale bo akaretsang bo ne bo emela ntho e bohlale e nang le matla a kelello a itseng. Mesebetsi eohle ea liteko tsa bohlale, ho sa tsotellehe hore na li amana le bokhoni ba mantsoe kapa tsa lipalo, li ile tsa susumetsoa ke g-factor ena e ka sehloohong.
Liteko tse ngata tsa kajeno tsa tlhahlobo ea bohlale, ho kenyeletsa le Stanford-Binet, li lekanya tse ling tsa lintho tse nahanang hore ke tsebo e tloaelehileng. Tsena li kenyeletsa ho sebetsana le lintho tse bonahalang, ho nahana ka bongata, tsebo, ho nahana ka metsi, le ho hopola.
- Ho hlahloba mahlahahlaha a sebaka se akarelletsa bokhoni bo joalo ba ho bokella li-puzzles le ho etsisa libopeho tse rarahaneng.
- Ho na le mabaka a mangata a amang matla a ho rarolla mathata a amang lipalo.
- Tsebo e kenyelletsa kutloisiso ea motho ka lihlooho tse sa tšoaneng.
- Ho nahanisisa ka metsi ho akarelletsa matla a ho nahana ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng le ho rarolla mathata.
- Ho hopola mohopolo ho akarelletsa tšebeliso ea mehopolo ea nakoana e kang ho khona ho pheta lenane la lintho.
Mathata ho Pholong ea Bohlale ba Bohlale
Khopolo ea hore bohlale bo ne bo ka lekanyetsoa le ho akaretsoa ka palo e le 'ngoe ka tlhahlobo ea IQ e ne e le khang nakong ea Spearman' me e setse ho feta lilemo tse mashome ho tloha. Litsebi tse ling tsa kelello, ho kopanyelletsa le LL Thurstone, li phephetsa khopolo ea g-factor. Ho e-na le hoo, Thurstone o ile a bolela lintho tse ngata tseo a neng a li bitsa "bokhoni ba kelello bo ka sehloohong."
Morao tjena, litsebi tsa kelello tse kang Howard Gardner li phephetse khopolo ea hore bohlale bo le bong bo ka khonang ho hapa bokhoni bohle ba kelello.
Gardner ho e-na le hoo o ile a etsa tlhahiso ea hore li-intelligences tse sa tšoaneng li teng Bohlale bo bong le bo bong bo emela bokhoni bo itseng boemong bo itseng bo kang tse bonahalang-tsebo ea sepakapaka, tsebo ea lipuo le mantsoe a bohlale-a lipalo.
Phuputso ea kajeno e bua ka bokhoni ba kelello bo tlatsetsang ts'ebetsong mesebetsing e mengata ea kutloisiso. Likolo tsa IQ, tse etselitsoeng ho lekanya bohlale bona bo akaretsang, li nahanngoa hore li ka ama katleho ea motho ka kakaretso bophelong. Leha ho le joalo, le hoja IQ e ka phetha karolo ea katleho ea thuto le bophelo , lintlha tse ling tse kang liphihlelo tsa bongoaneng, liphihlelo tsa thuto, maemo a moetlo, boikemisetso, kholo ea botho le botho li boetse li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho khethollang katleho ea kakaretso.
> Mehloli:
> Coon, D. & Mitterer, OO (2010). Kenyelletso ho Psychology: Litsela tsa Kelello le Boits'oaro ka Moho Mapaolo. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
> Gottfredson, LS (1998). Sepheo sa Bohlale. Scientific American.
> Myers, DG (2004). Psychology, Khatiso ea Seventh. New York: Bahoeletsi ba Bohlokoa.
> Terman. LM, & Oden, MH (1959.) Lihlahisoa tsa Genetic Studies of Genius. Moq. V. The Gifted At Mid-Life: Ho latela Thapelo ea Ngoana ea Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.