Tlhaloso e khutšoanyane ea Tšimo e sa tšoaneng
Ka kakaretso, litsebi tsa kelello li ithuta kelello le boitšoaro, empa hobane kelello ea kelello ke tšimo e sa tšoaneng, mosebetsi oo litsebi tsa kelello tsa motho ka mong o ka o etsang o ka fapana haholo. Ba atisa ho khetheha sebakeng se khethehileng, ka mohlala, 'me ho na le litsebi tse ngata tsa kelello ea kelello. Mona ke tlhaloso e akaretsang ea litsela tseo setsebi sa kelello se ka se khonang ho sebelisa bokhoni ba hae mosebetsing.
Mefuta e 'Meli ea Mosebetsi oa Psychology
Litsebi tsa kelello li ka sebetsana ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng, ho kenyeletsa likolo, univesithing, lipetlele, litsing tsa bophelo bo botle, liofisi tsa 'muso, likhoebo le likhoebo tse nyenyane. Litsebi tsa kelello li sebetsa ka ho khetheha ho e 'ngoe ea likarolo tse peli tse pharaletseng: lipatlisiso tsa kelello kapa ho sebelisoa kelello. Litsebi tsa kelello tsa lipatlisiso li etsa lipatlisiso ka lintho tsa 'mele, tsa maikutlo, tsa sechaba, tsa kutloisiso le tsa likokoana-hloko tsa mehopolo ea batho le boitšoaro ba bona. Ba atisa ho etsa liteko 'me ba ka sebetsa kolecheng kapa univesithing, kapa ba hiriloe ke ofisi ea khoebo kapa ea' muso.
Bachasebi ba kelello ba sebelisitsoeng ba sebelisa tsebo ea bona ea boitšoaro ba batho ho rarolla mathata a sebele a lefats'e kapa ho thusa batho ho hlōla tsietsi ea kelello. Litsebi tsa kelello tse sebelisitsoeng li ka sebetsa ka kotloloho le bakuli boemong ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo, joalo ka sepetlele, tleliniking ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello, sekolo, kapa sephiring. Litsebi tse ling tsa kelello tse sebelisitsoeng li ka sebetsana le maemo a mmuso, indasteri, khoebo, kapa e se nang phaello.
Ntle le ho sebelisa tsebo ea bona ea kelello ka kotloloho, litsebi tsena li ka boela tsa etsa lipatlisiso, tsa fana ka koetliso, lihlahisoa tsa moralo, tsa theha mananeo, kapa tsa fana ka likeletso tsa kelello.
Letsatsi Bophelong ba setsebi sa kelello
Litsebi tsa kelello tse sebelisitsoeng liphuputsong tsa lipatlisiso hangata li qeta nako e ngata li hlahisa likhopolo-taba le ho bokella lintlha.
Mekhoa e tobileng ea ho etsa lipatlisiso eo ba e sebelisang e itšetlehile haholo ka taba eo ba ithutang eona. Ka mohlala, litsebi tse ling tsa kelello li ka 'na tsa etsa lipatlisiso ka liteko tsa liteko, ha tse ling li ka sebelisa tlhahiso ea tlhaho. Mekhoa e meng e atisang ho sebelisoa e akarelletsa ho fana ka lipotso, lipatlisiso tsa bongaka, lipatlisiso le lipuisano.
Litsebi tsa kelello tse sebelisitsoeng litokisetsong tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo hangata li qeta nako e ngata li sebetsa ka kotloloho le bareki. Sena se ka 'na sa akarelletsa ho khanna litekanyetso tsa bakuli ba bacha, ho hlahloba mafu a kelello le ho etsa psychotherapy . Litsebi tsa kelello li boetse li atisa ho buisana le litsebi tse ling tsa bophelo bo botle, ho akarelletsa lingaka, baoki le lingaka tse ling.
Libaka tse khethehileng tsa Psychology
Mona ke mehlala ea litsebo tse sa tšoaneng tse fapaneng tse etsang lefapha la psychology:
Litsebi tsa kelello tsa bongaka ke tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa lefapheng la kelello. Lingaka ke litsebi tsa kelello tse hlahlobang, ho hlahloba le ho phekola mafu a kelello. Ba atisa ho sebetsa litsing tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello, mekhoa e ikemetseng kapa ea sehlopha, kapa lipetlele.
Karolong ea litsebi tsa kelello ea bongaka, ho na le libaka tse ngata tse ikhethileng. Tse ling tsa litsebi ke li-generality mme li sebetsana le bareki ba bangata ha ba bang ba khethehile ho phekola mefuta e itseng ea mathata a kelello kapa sehlopha se itseng.
Ka mohlala, lingaka tse ling tsa mafu a kelello li ka 'na tsa sebetsa sepetleleng se nang le batho ba nang le likotsi tsa kelello kapa maemo a meriana. Litsebi tse ling tsa mafu a kelello li ka 'na tsa sebetsa litsing tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello ho eletsa batho kapa malapa a sebetsanang le khatello ea kelello, boloetse ba kelello, tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi, kapa mathata a botho
Hangata litsebi tsa kelello tsa meriana li etsa mesebetsi e mengata ea letsatsi le leng le le leng, joalo ka ho buisana le bakuli, ho etsa liteko, ho fana ka liteko tsa ho hlahloba, ho etsa psychotherapy , le ho tsamaisa mananeo. Ba ka 'na ba sebetsa sepetlele, sekolo, univesithing, teronkong, tleliniking ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello, kapa mekhoa ea botho.
Hape ho na le libaka tse fapaneng tse sa tšoaneng tse khethehileng ka kelello ea kelello, ho akarelletsa le tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello , lefu la methapo ea pelo le geropsychology.
Ho ea ka Occupational Outlook Handbook , litsebi tsa kelello tsa bophelo bo botle li tsepamisitse maikutlo ho ntlafatsa boitšoaro bo botle. Litsebi tsa maiketsetso li tsepamisitse maikutlo ho hlahloba kamano pakeng tsa boko le boitšoaro. Litsebi tsa li-Geropsychologists li ikemiselitse ho sebetsana le lithahasello tse khethehileng tsa batho ba hōlileng.
Litsebi tsa kelello tsa kelello li etsa karolo e 'ngoe e ikhethang ea thuto ea kelello. Litsebi tsena li etsa mesebetsi e mengata eo litsebi tsa kelello tsa lingaka li e etsang, empa litsebi tsa kelello li eletsa ho sebetsa le bareki ba nang le mefuta e fokolang ea mafu a kelello.
Keletso ea keletso ea kelello e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho fana ka phekolo ea meriana ho bareki ba nang le matšoao a sa tšoaneng. Mokhatlo oa Keletso ea Psychology o hlalosa tšimo e le "khethollo ea kelello [e] e thusang ho sebetsa ka bomong le ka tsela e ikemetseng ho pholletsa le nako ea bophelo, ho tsepamisa mohopolo maikutlong, sechabeng, mosebetsing, thuto, bophelo bo amanang le bophelo bo botle, tsoelo-pele le tlhokomelo ea mokhatlo."
Litsebi tsa kelello tsa maikutlo (kapa lipatlisiso tsa kelello) li etsa lipatlisiso mabapi le boitšoaro ba batho le liphoofolo. Ba atisa ho sebetsa liunivesithi, litsi tsa lipatlisiso tsa botho, mekhatlo ea mmuso le mekhatlo e se nang phaello. Libaka tse ling tse kholo tsa lipatlisiso li kenyelletsa ho sebelisa lithethefatsi hampe, liphatsa tsa lefutso, li-neuroscience, tšusumetso le ts'ebetso ea mohopolo.
Litsebi tsa kelello litsebi tsa kelello li sebetsa sebakeng se khethehileng se sebetsanang le liphapano tsa psychology le molao. Hangata litsebi tsa kelello tsa litsebi tsa kelello li kenngoa litabeng tsa litlamong, litlaleho tsa inshorense le litlōlo tsa molao. Litsebi tse ling li sebetsa makhotleng a malapa 'me li fana ka litšebeletso tsa psychotherapy, li etsa tlhahlobo ea bana, li hlahloba litlaleho tsa tlhekefetso ea bana le boitšoaro ba ho etela likotsi.
Ba sebetsang makhotleng a sechaba ba atisa ho hlahloba bokhoni ba bona, ho fana ka maikutlo a mabeli, le ho fana ka maikutlo a kelello ho bahlaseluoa ba tlōlo ea molao. Litsebi tse sebetsang makhotleng a tlōlo ea molao li etsa litekanyetso tsa bokhoni ba kelello, ho sebetsa le lipaki tsa bana, le ho hlahloba litlokotsebe tsa bana le ba baholo.
Litsebi tsa mafu a kelello li tsepamisitse maikutlo tabeng ea hore na ho sebelisana joang le batho ba bang ho ama boitšoaro ba batho ka bomong le ba sehlopha. Litsebi tsena li atisa ho sebetsa libakeng tse kang lipatlisiso tsa 'maraka, tsamaiso ea mokhatlo, mekhoa ea tsamaiso le libaka tse ling tse sebelisitsoeng. Likarolo tse kholo tsa ho ithuta li kenyelletsa boitšoaro ba sehlopha, boetapele, boikutlo le maikutlo.
Mohloli:
Lefapha la Lipalo-palo Tsa Basebetsi, Lefapha la Basebetsi la United States, Buka ea Mosebetsi oa Boipheliso, La 17, 2015.