Robert Yerkes (May 26, 1876 - la 3 February, 1956) e ne e le setsebi sa kelello sa Maamerika se hopolloang hantle ka mosebetsi oa hae likarolong tsa tlhahlobo ea lisebelisoa le lisebelisoa tsa kelello. O tsejoa hape ka ho hlalosa molao oa Yerkes-Dodson le mosebetsi-'moho le eena John Dillingham Dodson. Molao oa Yerkes-Dodson o fana ka maikutlo a hore ho na le kamano pakeng tsa ho tsosoa le ho sebetsa.
Nakong ea mosebetsi oa Yerkes e le mopresidente oa APA, o ile a kenya letsoho ho ntlafatsa Liteko tsa Bohlabani ba Army le Beta e le karolo ea boiteko ba Ntoa ea I ea Lefatše. Liteko li ne li sebelisoa haholo nakong ena 'me li nkiloe ke masole a limilione a US.
Le hoja Yerkes a ne a lumela hore liteko li lekanngoa le bohlale ba tlhaho, seo se ileng sa fumanoa hamorao se senola hore thuto, koetliso le ho tsosoa ha maemo ho phetha karolo ea bohlokoa tshebetsong. Yerkes le eena e ile ea e-ba motho ea hlaheletseng mokhatlong oa eugenics, o neng o buella lithibelo tse thata tsa bojaki e le hore a loane le seo a neng a se bitsa "ho senyeha ha merabe."
Molemo ka ho Fetisisa o Tsejoang:
- Ho hlahlojoa kelello
- Pono ea maikutlo e bapisang
- Molao oa Yerkes-Dodson
- Batlisisa lipatlisiso
Bophelo ba bonyaneng
Robert Yerkes o hōletse polasing e Breadysville, Pennsylvania. O ile a ea k'holejeng ea Ursinus qalong a ikemiselitse ho ba ngaka. Ka mor'a hore a fumane mangolo ka 1897, Univesithi ea Harvard e ile ea mo fa sebaka sa ho fumana mangolo mosebetsing oa ho iphelisa.
Nakong ea lithuto tsa hae Harvard, o ile a thahasella boitšoaro ba liphoofolo 'me a qala ho ithuta thuto ea kelello ea ho bapisa . Ka 1902, Yerkes o ile a fumana Ph.D. oa hae. ho Psychology.
Ka mor'a ho fumana mangolo, Yerkes o ile a nka maemo a mangata ho lefella likoloto tseo a li fumaneng ha a qeta lithuto tsa hae. O ile a qala ho ba motlatsi oa moprofesa oa Harvard ho ruta thuto ea kelello ea ho bapisa le ho ruta lithuto ka kelello e tloaelehileng nakong ea lehlabula ka College ea Radcliffe.
O ile a boela a nka mosebetsi oa nakoana e le mookameli oa lipatlisiso tsa kelello Setsing sa Boston Psychopathic se Boston, Massachusetts.
Mosebetsi
Ka 1917, o ile a khethoa mopresidente oa Mokhatlo oa American Psychological Association . Ka mor'a hore United States e kene Ntoeng ea I ea Lefatše, Yerkes o ile a khothalletsa APA hore e kenye letsoho ho tlatsetsa litsebo tsa kelello ntoeng. Ho ile ha thehoa likomiti tse 'maloa, tse kenyelletsoeng ho lekanya tsebo e le hore ho khethoe batho ba hlometseng ba neng ba tšoaneleha ka ho khetheha libakeng tse khethehileng.
Mosebetsi oa komiti, o neng o akarelletsa litsebi tsa kelello tse kang Lewis Terman , Henry Goddard le Walter Bingham, li ile tsa lebisa tlhophisong ea liteko tsa Army Alpha le tsa Beta. Liteko li ne li fanoe ho banna ba ka bang limilione tse peli ka nako ea ntoa.
Liteko li bohlokoa historing ea kelello hobane e ne e le liteko tsa sehlopha sa pele tsa lisebelisoa 'me li thusitse ho hlahisa maikutlo a tlhahlobo ea lisebelisoa. Liphello tsa liteko li ne li boetse li sebelisoa ke ba eugenicists ho buella melao e boima ea bojaki ho tloha ha bajaki ba morao tjena ba ne ba batla ho fokotsa liteko. Ha Yerkes a fana ka tlhahiso ea hore liteko li lekantse bohlale ba matsoalloa feela, lipotso ka bobona li bontša ka ho hlaka hore thuto le koetliso li bile le phello liphellong.
Menehelo ea Psychology
Robert Yerkes o ile a tlatsetsa haholo tšimong ea kelello ea ho bapisa. O ile a theha laboratori ea pele ea lipatlisiso tsa li-primate United States 'me a sebeletsa e le motsamaisi oa eona ho tloha ka 1929 ho fihlela ka 1941. Lebi e ile ea boela ea rehoa Yerkes National Primate Research Centre.
Mosebetsi oa hae le John D. Dodson o ile oa lebisa tlhokomelong ea se tsejoang e le Molao oa Yerkes-Dodson. Molao ona o bolela hore ts'ebetso e eketseha ka ho tsosoa, empa feela ho fihlela ho itseng. Ha maemo a tsosang a phahame haholo, ts'ebetso ea sebele e fokotseha.
Le hoja tšebeliso ea hae ea eugenics ho hlalosa liphello tsa liteko tsa hae tsa kelello e ne e sa nepahala, mosebetsi oa hae lefapheng la tlhahlobo ea lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho o ile oa boela oa siea letšoao le sa feleng litabeng tsa kelello.
Libuka Tse Khethiloeng ke Robert Yerkes
Yerkes, RM, marokho, JW, & Hardwick, RS (1915). Tekanyo ea ntlha ea ho lekanya matla a kelello . Baltimore: Warwick le York.
Yerkes, RM (1916/1979). Bophelo ba kelello ea litšoene le bo-apes: thuto ea boitšoaro bo botle . Delmar, NY: Liithuti tsa 'Facsi' le Li-Reprints.
Yerkes, RM (Moq.) (1921) Ho hlahloba kelello masole a United States. Litemoso tsa National Academy of Sciences, 15 , 1-890.
Yerkes, RM (1941). Matla a batho le a sesole: nyeoe ea boenjiniere ba batho. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 5 , 205-209.
Yerkes, RM (1943, 1971). Lichimpanzi: Kolone ea laboratori . New York: Johnson Reprint Corporation.
Litlhahiso
Fancher, RE (1985). Banna ba bohlale: Baetsi ba qabang ea IQ. New York: WW Norton & Company.
McGuire, F. (1994). Liteko tsa masole a alpha le beta tsa bohlale. Ho RJ Sternberg (Moq.), Encyclopedia of intelligence (Vol 1, maq. 125-129.) New York: Macmillan.
Murchison, Carl. (Moq.) (1930). Histori ea Psychology ka Boitsebiso bo Ikhethileng (Vol 2, maq. 381-407). E hatisoe ka tumello ea Clark University Press, Worcester, MA.