Lithethefatsi tse sa keneng ka molao hooch li ka bolaea
Moonshine, eo pele e neng e le hush-hush, joala bo nang le mahae a ntlo ea backwood Appalachia e ntse e le haufi. Ha e le hantle, hona joale e na le molao. "Lehalima le lesoeu," kamoo ho thoeng kateng, e kile ea e-ba ntho e sa lumelloeng le e thibetsoeng ke Bureau ea Joala, Tuba, Liphoofolo Tsa Mabotho le Lifofane, empa hona joale e lumelloa ho rekisoa le ho laoloa ke 'muso oa' muso oa US linaheng tse ling.
Likoloi tsa pele tsa molao tsa moonshine Tennessee li ile tsa bula menyako ea eona ka 2010, 'me tse ling tsa latela Kentucky, Alabama, Georgia le South Carolina.
Ho na le litekanyetso tse ling tsa hore moonshine e seng molaong o sa lumelloang ke molao e ntse e sebetsa United States ho etsa hore tlhahiso e hlakileng, e phahameng-potency e jele setsi mme e atile hona joale ho feta leha e le efe historing. Hape, ho ka 'na ha e-ba kotsi ho etsa malapa ka lebaka la metsoako ea eona, lihlahisoa, le ho chesa.
Moonshine ke Eng?
Moonshine, eo hape a tsejoang e le "hooch" kapa "home brew," e entsoe ka ho belisa mohloli oa tsoekere ho hlahisa ethanol. Ka tloaelo, moonshine e entsoe ka setoto sa poone le tsoekere. Joala bo arohane le setoto ka ts'ebetso ea distillation. Phapang e le 'ngoe e kholo pakeng tsa moonshine le lino tse ling tse tahang tse kang whisky kapa bourbon ha li tsofetse. Phello ke moea o silafetseng o nang le boholo ba lino tse tahang, ka makhetlo a mangata ho feta bopaki ba lekholo (karolo ea 50 lekholong), joaloka whiskey e tšoeu.
Moonshine e ka 'na ea hlahisa litšoantšo tsa batho ba naha ba distilling le ho tsamaisa lijana tsa tsona tse matla ka lijugs tse bitsoang "XXX" nakong ea bosiu e le hore li se ke tsa fumanoa,' me seo ha li le hōle le 'nete likarolong tse ling tsa US moo ho ntseng ho etsahala teng.
Se fetotsoeng ke hore hona joale mehleng ea kajeno, bokhoni ba ho reka lihlahisoa tsa khoebo, tsohle-moonshine ea tšebelisano-'moho e ntse e le inthaneteng e nkile kotsi ea tsoa ts'ebetsong ea moonshine distilling.
Ho sa tsotellehe ts'ebetso ena, seo ha se bolele hore likhoeli tsohle li sireletsehile ho noa. Nako e ngata ea likhoeli e ntse e etsoa ka maralleng a Appalachia a ntse a entsoe ka likarolo tsa radiator tsa koloi.
Histori ea Moonshine
Ho ea kamoo re ka bolelang kateng, ho noa joala ho 'nile ha e-ba teng ho tloha qalong ea moloko oa batho. Moonshine ho lumeloa hore e fetisitsoe sebakeng se ka boroa sa Appalachi sa US ka bajaki ba Scotch-Irish ba qetellong ea bo-1700.
Ho latela li-Appalachian anthropologists, bajaki ba Scotch-Irish ba ileng ba fallela sebakeng seo lilemong tsa bo-1700 le mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1800 ba ile ba tlisa leano la bona la ho noa malapa le mokhoa oa bona oa phepelo ea pop-pot.
"Lebitso lena le tsoa boemong ba hore bo etsoa bosiu e le hore batho ba se ke ba bona mosi o tsoang ho ba joalo. Ka lebaka leo, o ka patoa ho mapolesa kapa baahelani ba nyoriloeng," ho latela Jason Sumich, Lefapha la Anthropology, University of Appalachian State .
Moonshine qalong o ne a phuthetsoe ka lijaneng tsa letsopa ebe hamorao Mason lijana. Hangata linkho tsa khale tsa letsopa li ne li tšoauoa ka "XXX" ka lehlakore. Ho nahanoa hore e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea X e ne e emela ka makhetlo a mangata ha bo-brew e ne e le ka mokhoa oa distillation.
Big Moneymaker Moonshine
Moonshine e kile ea e-ba moruo oa bohlokoa oa moruo oa Appalachian, o fana ka mohloli oa chelete ka linako tse mpe tsa moruo le libakeng tseo bofutsana bo neng bo jele setsi.
Joaloka ntho leha e le efe e ntle e hlahisitsoeng US, moonshine o ile a bona litlhōrō le liphula tsa eona ka ketane ea phepelo le tlhokahalo. Moonshine o ile a utloa bohloko haholo ha US e na le keketseho ea theko ea tsoekere ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1950. Moonshine e ne e bonahala e fetoha tloaelo e fokolang ha US e ile ea e-ba le keketseho ea ho sebelisa matekoane le tšebeliso ea li-painkillers tsa meriana ka lebaka la likoluoa sebakeng seo.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho bonahala eka moonshine e tsosolositsoe. Hona joale ka mokhoa oa ho reka thepa e phahameng ho boloki ba joala, haholo-holo bakeng sa meea e tsoang linaheng tse ling, mokoloko oa likoloi o fihletse ponahalo hape. Ka 2010, phuputso ea BBC ea ho etsa likoloi United States e fumane hore ba Amerika ba limilione ba tlōla molao ka ho etsa moonshine.
Selemong sona seo, Tennessee e ile ea qala ho rekisa lits'ebeletso tsa molao ka mabenkeleng a maholo joaloka Walmart le Club ea Sam.
Inthaneteng, liwebsaete tse 'maloa li fana ka lisebelisoa tse entsoeng ka koporo eohle e rekisoang, ho tloha ho li-gallon tse peli ho ea ho liaparo tsa khoebo tse 220 tsa gallon. Li na le theko ho tloha ho $ 150 ho ea ho $ 11,000 le kae kapa kae pakeng tsa tsona. Mohokisi e mong o ile a bolela hore ho hlokahala hore a be le koporo ea koporo makhetlo a mabeli lilemong tsa morao tjena 'me o ntse a romeloa naheng e' ngoe le e 'ngoe United States
Ke Hobane'ng ha Moonshine e Kotsi?
Moonshine e seng molaong e ntse e le kotsi hobane e atisa ho etsoa ka nako e telele. E ka ba kotsi maemong a mabeli, ka bobeli nakong ea ts'ebetso ea distilling le ha e e ja.
Tshebetso ea distilling ka boeona e hlahisa mouoane oa joala o khenang haholo. Moetsi oa likhoeli tse ngata o shoele ka ho otla papali e le hore a khanye pipe ea hae ka nako e fosahetseng. Mocheso o ka chesang ke lebaka le leng le leholo leo ka lona moonshine e lulang e ntse e le teng ka ntle, le hoja e etsa hore ho be bonolo ho bonahala ka molao. Tšoso ea likhohlopo tsa mouoane e kholo haholo haeba e koaletsoe ka hare.
Mabapi le ho ja metsi, haeba sehlahisoa sa ho qetela se le bopaki bo fetang 100, moonshine ka boeona e na le mollo 'me e ka ba kotsi haholo.
Na Moonshine a ka Etsa Hore U Phofu?
Batho ba bangata ba shoele ka ho noa moonshine ho feta ho shoeloa ke ho phatloha ha likhahla ka lebaka la chefo ea brew. Le hoja tse ngata tse ntseng li sebetsoa kajeno ke mefuta e fapaneng ea koporo, ho na le lintho tse ngata tsa khale tse entsoeng ka matsoho.
Batho ba khale ba ntse ba sebelisa li-radiator tsa likoloi ha ho sebelisoa distilling, 'me li na le li-soldering tse ka etsang hore li silafatsoe, tse ka silafatsang moonshine. Li-radiator tsa khale li ka boela tsa e-na le lihlahisoa tsa lihlahisoa tsa antifreeze glycol tse ka eketsang chefo ho brew.
Ka lihlopha tse khōloanyane tsa moonshine ea distilled, ccan e teng. Hobane methanol e fokola mocheso o fokolang ho feta joala, metsi a pele a hlahisoang ke ts'ebetso ea distillation a ka ba le methanol. E kholoanyane ea batch, ho feta methanol.
Methanol e chefo haholo 'me e ka baka bofofu esita le lefu. Batho ba bangata ba etsang li-moonshine kajeno ba tseba ho tšollela lintho tse qalang ho tsoa ho condenser, tse tsejoang hape e le foreshot, empa hase bohle ba tsebang kapa ba li etsang.
Ka 2003, Dr. Christopher Holstege, ngaka e nang le Bophelo bo Botle ba Bophelo ba Virginia, o ile a leka litekanyetso tse 48 tsa likhoeli tse fumanoang ka ts'ebetsong ea molao ho tloha mehleng e sa tšoaneng. Ngaka e ile ea fumana tšilafalo e bakoang ke lihlahisoa tse 43.
U ka Tseba Joang Haeba Moonshine e Sireletsehile?
Bolumeli bo re bolella tsela e le 'ngoe ea ho hlahloba bohloeki ba moonshine ke ho tšela ka khaba ea tšepe ebe re e chesa. Haeba e chesa ka lelakabe le leputsoa e bolokehile, empa haeba e chesa ka lelakabe le mosehla kapa le khubelu, le na le moetapele, le susumetsang polelo ea khale, "Ho chesa ho chesa ho bofubelu mme ho etsa hore u shoe."
Empa, mokhoa o chesang oa khaba ha o kholoe ka ho feletseng. Tlhahlobo ena ha e lemohe lintho tse ling tse nang le chefo e ka 'nang ea e-ba ka har'a brew, joaloka methanol, e tukang ka lelakabe le se nang' mala.
Kaha li-gallon tse limilione tsa likhoeli li hlahisoa selemo le selemo United States, menyetla e meng ea eona e tla silafala. Ba boholong bophelo bo botle ba amehile ka hore chefo ea moonshine ho bakuli ba kulang e ka hlokomolohuoa hobane ba bangata ba fanang ka tlhokomelo ea bophelo ba nka hore ke moetlo oa nakong e fetileng.
Lisebelisoa:
Univesithi ea Naha ea Appalachian. "Kaofela ha Ua Lumella ho Fihlela ho fihlela U Fumanoe: Ho itokisetsa ho ea Maalulachia a ka Boroa." Lefapha la Anthropology 2007.
BBC News. "Moonshine 'e leka moloko o mocha'." US & Canada July 2010
Clawhammer Supply. "Tšireletseho ea Bohlokoa ka ho Fetisisa Litlhahiso Bakeng sa Bana ba Litšebeletso." Kamoo U ka Etsang Hore Moonshine e Khutlehe ka March 2013.
Lefapha la Bongaka la Skylark. "Moonshine ea Lefatše." November 2008