Boko ba motho bo na le li-neuron tse kae? Ho hakanyetsoa hore khale lilemong tsa khale li bontšitse hore limilione tse likete tse 100 e ne e le palo ea boselamose, empa lipatlisiso tsa morao tjena li bontša hore boko bo hlile bo na le methapo e fokolang ho feta eo pele e neng e lumela.
Boko ba motho bo entsoe ka marang-rang a mangata a methapo . Li-neurons tsena li sebetsa e le mohaho oa tsamaiso ea methapo, e fetisetsa boitsebiso ho tsoa ho boko le ho pholletsa le 'mele oohle.
Mohlomong u lebeletse hore ho hlokahala hore ho be le li-neurone tse ngata bakeng sa mokhoa o rarahaneng joalo, empa ke li-neurons tse kae moo boko ba motho bo leng teng?
Ho na le li-Neuron tse kae ho Human Brain?
Ho latela likhakanyo tse ngata, boko ba motho bo na le li-neurone tse ka bang libilione tse 100 (fana ka kapa u nke limilione tse likete). Tekanyo ena e 'nile ea tlalehoa ka lilemo tse ngata libukeng tsa neuroscience le tsa psychology ' me ka lilemo tse ngata e amoheloa e le palo e batlang e le haufi haholo.
Leha ho le joalo, morao tjena mofuputsi oa Brazil Dr. Suzana Herculano-Houzel o fumane hore likhakanyo tsena li ka 'na tsa se ke tsa nepahala ka ho feletseng. Ha lenane le boletsoeng ka ho pharaletseng, o fumane hore ha ho motho ea neng a bonahala a tseba hore na palo ena e tsoa neng kapa neng. Eaba o etsa qeto ea ho batlisisa e le hore a tsebe hore na palo e nepahetse.
Ho lekanya palo ea li-neurone bokong ho bonahala e le bonolo holimo. Nka feela mohlala oa boko, bala palo ea li-neurone ka sampuli eo ebe o fetisetsa tlhahisoleseding eo ho ikarabella bakeng sa boholo ba boko ba boko.
Le hoja sena se bonahala se le mokhoa o nepahetseng, mokhoa oa neuron o fapana libakeng tse sa tšoaneng tsa boko. Ho bala li-neurons karolo e phahameng ea boko ho ka lebisa tekanyong e phahameng ha ho baloa ba sebakeng se tlaase sa masene ho ka lebisa tekanyong e tlaase haholo.
E le ho hlōla bothata bona, bafuputsi ba sebelisitse mokhoa o neng o akarelletsa ho qhaqha lisele tsa sele e le ho etsa mofuta oa "sopho ea boko" e le hore ba khone ho bala palo ea cell cell ka sampuli.
Nuclei ea lisele e ne e boetse e hloekisitsoe ho khetholla pakeng tsa neurons le glia, e leng ho lumellang bafuputsi hore ba bale lisele tsa sele tseo e leng tsa neurone.
"Ho nkile likhoeli tse 'maloa ho etsa khotso le khopolo ena ea hore ke tla nka boko ba motho kapa phoofolo ebe ke e fetola sopho," Herculano-Houzel a hlalosetsa Nature . "Empa ntho ke hore re 'nile ra ithuta ho hongata ka mokhoa ona oo re neng re ntse re fumana linomoro tseo batho ba neng ba sa khone ho li fumana ... Ke mokhoa o le mong feela oo ho seng o mong le o mong ho feta ho khaola boko ba hao likotoana."
Ke bo-mang bafuputsi bao bafuputsi ba ileng ba bo fumana boemong boo ba bo hlahlobileng?
"Re fumane hore ka karolelano boko ba motho bo na le li-neurone tse limilione tse likete tse 86. Hape ha ho letho le le leng leo re le shebang ho fihlela joale le limilione tse likete tse 100. Le hoja ho ka utloahala eka ke phapang e nyenyane li-neurone tse limilione tse likete tse 14 li le ngata haholo boko ba bokoon bo na le hoo e batlang e le halofo ea li-neurons boko boong ba gorilla. Ka hona ke phapang e khōlō haholo, "a hlalosa Herculano-Houzel.
Kahoo, ho ea ka lipatlisiso tsena tse ncha, boko ba motho bo ka 'na ba e-na le li-neurone tse ka bang libilione tse 86.
Li-Neurons Liphoofolo Tse Ling
Ho ea ka Herculano-Houzel, boko ba motho bo tšoana ka tsela e ts'oanang le boko ba pele bo nang le phapang e le 'ngoe ea bohlokoa: re na le lisele tse ngata tsa bokooa tse hlokang matla a mangata ho fepa le ho boloka.
Litsebi li bontša hore hoo e hakanyetsoang hore karolo ea 25 lekholong ea chelete eohle eo re e sebelisang ka matla e etsa hore lisele tsena kaofela li tsoele pele.
Palo e kholo ea li-neurons tse teng boko ba motho e bonahala haholo ha li bapisoa le mefuta e meng. Kahoo ke boko ba linonyana tse ling tse kae?
- Litholoana li Fofa: li-neurone tse likete tse 100
- Koetliso ea li-neurons tse milione
- Mouse: li-neurone tse limilione tse 75
- K'hatho: li-neurone tse sekete
- Lichimpanzi: li-neurons tse limilione tse 7
- Tlou: li-neurons tse libilione tse 23
Le hoja boko ba motho bo ka 'na ba se ke ba e-ba le li-nerur tse limilione tse likete tse 100 tse nkiloeng nako e telele, 86 limilione tse likete ha e sa ntse e le letho le lokelang ho li senya.
Ithute ho eketsehileng ka li-neurone le boko ba motho:
- Neuron ke eng?
- The Structure of a Neuron
- Anatomy ea Human Brain
- Botšepehi bo Boholo Hakae?
- Na Rōna rea Sebelisa Liphesente Tse 10 Tsa Boko ba Rōna Feela?
> Mehloli:
> Herculano-Houzel, S. Boko ba motho ka palo: Boko ba pelo ea bohloa bo hlakileng. Meeli ea Batho ba Nauroscience. 2009; 3 (31): etsa: 10.3389 / neuro.09.031.2009.
> Orca, S. Peisong ea ho fetola boenjiniere ba motho. Makasine ea H. 2009.
> Randerson, J. Ke li-neuron tse kae tse etsang boko ba motho? Bilione tse seng kae ho feta kamoo re neng re nahana kateng. The Guardian. 2012.
> Williams, Robert W. Mapping ea Genese e hlalosang tsoelo-pele ea boko ba 'Mouse: Tsela e nang le mekhoa e metle ea tlhaho. Ka: Ntlafatso ea boko ba mongo (Goffinet AF, Rakic P, eds), Springer Verlag, New York, 21-49; 2000.