Litlhaloso tsa bongaka tsa mefuta e mengata ea tšebeliso e mpe ea tahi le joala
Ha e le hantle ha ho na ho hlahlojoa ha molao ka tahi . Boemo ba motho boo ka nako e telele bo bitsitsoeng bokhoba ba tahi bo bitsoa "ts'oaetso e mpe ea joala," joaloka khatiso ea May 2013 ea khatiso ea 5 ea "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM-5) ke Mokhatlo oa American Psychiatric Association. Le DSM-5, haeba motho a bontša matšoao a mabeli kapa a mangata ho tsoa lethathamong la lits'ebetso tse 11, ba fumanoa ba e-na le bothata ba ho sebelisa joala, ka likarolo tse bonolo, tse itekanetseng le tse matla.
DSM-IV (e hatisitsoeng ka 1994) ha ea ka ea e-ba le "bothata ba ho tahoa" empa ho e-na le hoo e ile ea hlalosa mathata a mabeli a fapaneng-ho sebelisa joala hampe le ho itšetleha ka joala -le mekhoa e tobileng ea ho hlahlojoa ka bongata . DSM-5 e kopanya mathata ao a mabeli ho e-na le bothata bo le bong ba tšebeliso ea joala le likarolo tse fokolang tsa boima.
Mathata a Sebelisang Joala a Matla a Matla le a Matla
Bohloko ba bothata ba ho sebelisa joala bo hlalosoa e le:
- Bonolo : Ho ba le matšoao a mabeli ho isa ho a mararo
- Boemo bo itekanetseng : Ho ba le matšoao a mane ho ea ho a mahlano
- Boholo : Boteng ba matšoao a tšeletseng kapa a fetang
Le hoja ho na le ho kopana ho hongata pakeng tsa litekanyetso (lenane la matšoao) a sebelisitsoeng ke DSM-IV le DSM-5, ho na le liphetoho tse peli tsa bohlokoa. DSM-5 e felisa mathata a molao ka lebaka la ho noa e le lebaka la ho fumanoa empa e eketsa takatso ea joala e le moelelo.
11 Matšoao a hlahang DSM-5
Tse latelang ke matšoao a 11 a hatisitsoeng DSM-5 a sebelisetsoang ho fumana hore na motho o na le bothata ba ho sebelisa joala:
- Hangata joala bo nkiloe ka bongata kapa ka nako e telele ho feta kamoo ho neng ho reriloe kateng.
- Ho na le takatso e tsitsitseng kapa boiteko bo sa atleheng ba ho fokotsa kapa ho laola tšebeliso ea joala.
- Ho sebelisoa nako e ngata mesebetsing e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho noa joala, ho noa joala kapa ho hlaphoheloa liphellong tsa eona.
- Ho lakatsa , kapa takatso e matla kapa ho khothalletsa ho sebelisa joala.
- Ho sebelisa joala khafetsa ho fella ka ho hlōleha ho phetha boikarabelo bo boima mosebetsing, sekolong kapa lapeng.
- Ho tsoela pele ho sebelisa joala ho sa tsotellehe mathata a tsitsitseng kapa a tloaelehileng a sechaba kapa a boikemelo a bakoang kapa a fetisitsoeng ke liphello tsa joala.
- Mesebetsi ea bohlokoa ea sechaba, ea mosebetsi, kapa ea boithabiso e fanoa kapa e fokotsoe ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea joala.
- Hangata joala bo sebelisa maemong ao ho leng kotsi ho 'ona .
- Tšebeliso ea joala e tsoelapele ho sa tsotellehe tsebo ea ho ba le bothata bo tsitsitseng kapa bo sa tsitsang ba 'mele bo ka' nang ba bakoa kapa bo mpefala ke joala.
- Mamello , joalokaha e hlalositsoe ke e 'ngoe ea tse latelang: a) Tlhoko ea ho noa joala haholo ho fihlela motho a noa joala kapa a batla, kapa b) Tšusumetso e fokolang haholo ea ho sebelisoa ha joala bo lekanang.
- Ho tlosoa , joalokaha ho bontšoa ke e 'ngoe ea tse latelang: a) Matšoao a ho khaotsa ho noa joala b) Joala (kapa ntho e amanang haufi-ufi, e kang benzodiazepine) e nkoa e le ho fokotsa kapa ho qoba matšoao a ho tlohela.
DSM-5 e Etsa Litlhahiso Tse Ling
Mokhoa oa ho hlahloba bothata ba ho noa joala o ile oa nyatsuoa hobane, tlasa DSM-5, seithuti sa k'holejeng eo ka nako e 'ngoe se neng se kopanela ho noa joala le ho lumela hore se lakatsa ho noa biri hang ka nakoana se ne se ka fumanoa se e-na le bothata' me se ngotsoe joala.
Ka ho tšoanang, haeba mamello le matšoao a ho tlohela ke tsona feela lintlha tse hlokahalang hore motho a fumanoe, joale "mang kapa mang ea noang likhalase tse seng kae tsa veine ka lijo tsa mantsiboea mantsiboea a mang le a mang a tla ba le mamello e lekaneng le ea ho itokolla. e leng tekanyo ea ho baka tšenyo e khōlō ea mosebetsi, empa e tla hlaka haholo tabeng ea tlhahlobo, "ho ea ka Dr. Gitlow, mopresidente oa American Society of Addiction Medicine. "Motho eo o na le bothata ba ho noa joala habonolo."
> Mehloli:
> Mathata a ho Sebelisa Joala. Mokhatlo oa Sechaba oa Tlhekefetso ea Joala le Tahi. https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/alcohol-use-disorders.
> Mathata a ho Sebelisa Joala: Ho Bapisoa pakeng tsa DSM-IV le DSM-5 NIH Phatlalatso No. 13-7999. Mokhatlo oa Sechaba oa Tlhekefetso ea Joala le Tahi. November 2013. https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/dsmfactsheet/dsmfact.pdf.
> Gitlow S. Commentary: DSM-5: Terminology e Ncha ea Addict, Mathata a tšoanang. Bohokahanyi ba Bana ba sa Sebeliseng Lithethefatsi. June 2013. https://drugfree.org/learn/drug-and-alcohol-news/commentary-dsm-5-new-ddiction-terminology-same-disease/.