Ithute ka lihlopha tse 6 tsa lithethefatsi tsa Psychoactive
Psychoactive, eo hape e bitsoang psychotropic , ke lentsoe le sebelisoang ho lik'hemik'hale tse fetolang boemo ba kelello ea motho ka ho ama tsela eo boko le methapo ea methapo li sebetsang ka eona. Sena se ka lebisa ho tahiloeng , e leng hangata lebaka le ka sehloohong leo batho ba khethang ho nka lithethefatsi tsa kelello. Liphetoho tsa boko bo sebetsang ke batho ba sebelisang lisebelisoa tsa kelello tse amang maikutlo a bona, maikutlo a bona le / kapa tsebo ea bona.
Lintho tse nang le kelello li fumaneha meriana e 'maloa hammoho le joala, lithethefatsi tse seng molaong le tsa boithabiso, le limela tse ling esita le liphoofolo. Joala le caffeine ke lithethefatsi tse sebetsanang le khatello ea kelello eo hangata batho ba e sebelisang ho fetola boemo ba bona ba kelello. Lithethefatsi tsena li fumaneha ka molao, empa li ntse li le kotsi 'meleng le kelellong haeba li nkiloe ho feta.
Hangata, batho ba etsa qeto ea hore na ba batla ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tsa psychoactive neng neng. Maemong a mang, leha ho le joalo, lithethefatsi tsa psychoactive li sebelisetsoa ho fetola boemo ba motho ea kelello e le hore e sebelise motho eo. Mohlala o tloaelehileng oa sena ke lithethefatsi tsa ho betoa Rohypnol , tse sa lumelloeng ke molao United States. U lokela ho hlokomela hape hore ho nka lithethefatsi tse sebelisetsoang ho sebetsana le lithethefatsi ka litsela tse ling ntle le ho rera, mohlala, ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tse behiloeng ho motho e mong, le haeba ba filoe ho uena, ha ho molaong.
Lintho tsa tlhaho, tse kang li-mushroom tsa hallucinogenic le cacti, 'me makhasi, lipalesa le limela tsa limela tse ling li ka' na tsa boela tsa e-ba kelello.
Batho ba bang ba nahana hore, kaha lintho tsena li etsahala ka tlhaho, ha li kotsi haholo ho feta lithethefatsi tse entsoeng. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho joalo.
Ka mohlala, motho ea sebelisang semela sa psychoactive ho fetola boemo ba hae ba kelello a ka 'na a ba le kotsing e kholo ea ho feta tekano kapa chefo. Lebaka la sena ke hobane motho ea nkang thepa ha a na taolo holim'a matla a sesebelisoa sa mafu se ts'ebetsong kapa ts'oaetso, joalokaha ho na le lithethefatsi tse entsoeng.
Ho joalo le ka lithethefatsi tsa seterateng tse rekiloeng ho mohoebi oa lithethefatsi, tseo ka tloaelo li khaotsoang ka lintho tse ling tse sa tšoaneng tsa kelello le ho tlatsa lintho tse ling tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba kotsi.
Meriana kapa meriana e bitsoa "psychoactive" ha e hlile e lemalla, le hoja ba bangata ba le joalo.
Meriana ea Psychoactive e khetholla joang?
Ho na le litsela tse 'nè tseo ho sebelisoang lithethefatsi tsa kelello ho tsona:
- Ka liphello tsa bona tse tloaelehileng (liphello tsohle tseo ba nang le tsona) bokong le meleng - ka mohlala, ho tepella maikutlo, ho itšireletsa (likooa tsa boroko) le meriana e sebelisoang ho sebetsana le maemo a kang ho hlokomoloha bothata ba ho kula (ADHD)
- Ka monyetla oa ho baka ho lemala (holimo ho tlaase)
- Ka lik'hemik'hale tsa tsona
- Litekanyetso tsa IV tsa US Drug Enforcement Administration, tse khethollang meriana ena ka monyetla oa ho hlekefetsoa ("Ke" e phahameng ka ho fetisisa, "V" e tlaase ka ho fetisisa)
Sehlooho sena se fana ka lintlha tse hlakileng ka lithethefatsi tse tsitsang kelello 'tse tloaelehileng
Lihlopha tse hlano tsa lithethefatsi tsa psychoactive ke tse susumetsang, tse sithabetsang, li-narcotics (opioids), hallucinogens, le, matekoane (kannabis).
Litšusumetso . Mehlala ea liphello e kenyeletsa ho falimeha, matla a maholo, ho tsosolosa, ho ntlafatsa maikutlo a ka finyellang nako e telele, le likarabo tsa 'mele tse kang ho eketseha ha pelo le khatello ea mali.
Mehlala ea lintho tse susumetsang li akarelletsa caffeine , nicotine , amphetamines le cocaine . Mehlala ea liphello tsa ho sebelisa k'hok'heine ka mokhoa o feteletseng e ka kenyelletsa ho nyahama, ho fetoha maikutlo, ho hlophisa pelo, bohloko ba sefuba esita le lefu.
Ba sithabetsang. Mehlala ea liphello e akarelletsa ho fokotsa maikutlo a khatello, ho imoloha ha matšoenyeho, le ho khatholoha ha mesifa. Ka tšebeliso e feteletseng, liphello li ka kenyelletsa letlalo la clammy, phefumoloho e liehang le e sa tebang, ho fofa kapele le ho fokola, ho bolaea le lefu.
Mehlala ea batho ba tepelletsang maikutlo e kenyelletsa joala le matšeliso a kang benzodiazepines le barbiturates.
Li-opioids . Hoo e batlang e le lithethefatsi tsohle tsa sehlopha sena li tsoa morphine.
Mehlala ea liphello tsa bona e kenyeletsa phomolo ea bohloko, ho otsela, ho hlaphoheloa, ho ferekanngoa le ho tepella maikutlo (ho lieha ho phefumoloha ho bolokang matšoafo hore a atolose ka botlalo le ho fana ka oksijene e lekaneng 'meleng).
Ka tšebeliso e feteletseng, liphello li ka kenyelletsa ho nyefoloa le ho hlatsa, ho ferekana, ho tšoaroa ke ho hema, ho bolaea le lefu.
Mehlala ea li-opioids e kenyelletsa li -painkillers , codeine, morphine, oxycodone le heroin . Li-painkillers tse ling tse fetang li-counter-counter, tse kang aspirin, acetaminophen, le ibuprofen, li ka 'na tsa se na li-opioids. Leha ho le joalo, li ka 'na tsa baka mathata a bophelo bo botle le ho feta tekano haeba li nkoa ka ho feteletseng.
Hallucinogens . Mehlala ea liphello e kenyeletsa ho hlahisa maikutlo , ho itšoara hampe (moelelo oa ho se be oa sebele), ho ba le maikutlo a fosahetseng, boitšoaro bo sa tloaelehang, le ho eketsa khatello ea mali le lebelo la pelo. Liphello tsa tšebeliso e feteletseng li ka kenyelletsa mathata a ho nahana le ho bua, ho lahleheloa kelellong, ho tepella maikutlong le ho lahleheloa ke boima ba 'mele Likotsi tsa bongaka hangata lia etsahala.
Mehlala ea hallucinogens e kenyelletsa psilocybin ho tloha li-mushroom, "acid" (LSD), ketamine, phencyclidine (PCP), dextromethorphan, le peyote (mescaline).
Marijuana (kannete). Mehlala ea liphello tsa psychoactive marijuana e kenyelletsa liphetoho tsebong ea maikutlo; ho hlaseloa; boithabiso; phetoho ea lijo; ho se tsebe ho hopola, ho tsepamisa mohopolo le ho kopana; le liphetoho khatellong ea mali. Marikoana ke eona feela lithethefatsi ka tlelaseng ea eona.
Litokelo Tsa Molao ( lihlahisoa tsa lithethefatsi ). Lintho tse phahameng tsa molao ke lisebelisoa tsa kelello tse rekisoang e le litsela tsa molao le tse bolokehileng. Li ka rekisoa e le li susumetsang, hallucinogenics, sedative kapa li kopane. Hangata ha lik'hemik'hale tsa tsona li sa tsejoe, li hlahisa mathata a hlakileng ho ba toxicologists, basebetsi ba bongaka le sechaba. Li kenyelletsa letsoai la ho hlatsoa , mephedrone , W18 , MXE le tse ling tse ngata.
Lisebelisoa:
> Mokhatlo oa Maiketsetso oa Amerika. Buka ea ho hlahloba le ea Statistical ea Mathata a kelello , Khatiso ea Bohlano, Mokhatlo oa Mahlale oa Amerika. 2013.
> Beynon CM, McVeigh J, Leavey C, Bellis MA. Ho kenngoa ha lithethefatsi le lithethefatsi ka ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi e fokolisitsoeng ka thobalano. Matšoenyeho, pefo, le tlhekefetso, 9 (3): 178-188. 2008. ke: 10.1177 / 1524838008320221.
> Smith DE, Fort J, Craton DL. Lithethefatsi tse nang le kelello. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs . 1 (1): 127. 2007.
> US Drug Enforcement Administration Tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi . 2011.