1 - Khatello ea Kelello e Ama Boko ba Hao
Bohle re tseba khatello ea maikutlo. Khatello ena e etsahala letsatsi le leng le le leng mme e fihla ka mefuta e sa tšoaneng. Ho ka 'na ha e-ba khatello ea ho leka ho jara lelapa, mosebetsi le boitlamo ba sekolo. E ka 'na ea akarelletsa litaba tse kang bophelo bo botle, chelete le likamano. Ketsahalong ka 'ngoe moo re tobanang le kotsing, likelello tsa rona le' mele ea rona li nka bohato, ho kenya letsoho ho sebetsana le mathata (ho loantša) kapa ho qoba bothata .
E ka 'na eaba u utloile tsohle ka hore na khatello ea kelello e mpe ke ea kelello ea hao le' mele oa hao. E ka baka matšoao a 'mele a kang ho opeloa ke hlooho le bohloko ba sefuba. E ka hlahisa mathata a maikutlo a maikutlo a kang ho tšoenyeha kapa ho hlonama. E ka ba ea lebisa mathata a boitšoaro a kang ho phatloha ha bohale kapa ho ja lijo tse ngata.
Seo u ka se tsebeng ke hore khatello ea kelello e ka boela ea e-ba le phello e tebileng bokong ba hau. Ha u tobane le khatello ea kelello, boko ba hao bo na le mekhoa e mengata-e ntle le e mpe-e reretsoeng ho bokella le ho itšireletsa likotsing.
Bafuputsi ba fumane hore ka linako tse ling khatello ea kelello e ka thusa ho matlafatsa kelellong le ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ho hopola lintlha tsa se etsahalang. Maemong a mang, khatello ea kelello e ka hlahisa mefuta e mengata e mpe ea boko bobong bo bakoang ke ho tlatsetsa meleng oa kelello ho fokotsa boholo ba boko.
A re hlahlobeng ka hloko litsela tse hlano tse tsotehang tseo khatello ea maikutlo e amang bokong ba hau.
2 - Khatello ea kelello e sa foleng e eketsa kotsi ea mafu a kelello
Phuputsong e phatlalalitsoeng ho Molecular Psychiatry , bafuputsi ba fumane hore khatello ea maikutlo e sa feleng e fella ka liphetoho tsa nako e telele bokong. Liphetoho tsena, li fana ka tlhahiso, li ka 'na tsa thusa ho hlalosa hore na ke hobane'ng ha ba nang le khatello ea kelello e sa foleng le bona ba atisa ho ba le mathata a meholo hamorao bophelong.
Bafuputsi ba Univesithing ea California - Berkeley ba ile ba etsa letoto la liteko tse shebileng phello ea khatello e sa feleng ea boko. Ba fumane hore khatello e joalo e baka lisele tse ngata tse hlahisoang ke myelin, empa li-neurons tse fokolang ho feta tse tloaelehileng. Phello ea ho ferekanngoa hona ke ho fetela ha myelin likarolong tse itseng tsa boko, tse sitisang nako le tekano ea puisano.
Ka ho khetheha, bafuputsi ba ile ba sheba kamoo khatello ea kelello e ileng ea ama mokokotlo oa hippocampus . Ba fana ka maikutlo a hore khatello ea kelello e ka ba le karolo ho nts'etsong ea mafu a kelello a kang ho tepella maikutlong le mathata a sa tšoaneng a maikutlo.
3 - Khatello ea kelello e fetola sebopeho sa boko
Liphello tsa liteko tsa bafuputsi ba Univesithing ea California - Berkeley li senoletse hore ho imeloa kelellong ho sa feleng ho ka lebisa liphetohong tsa nako e telele sebopeho le bokhoni ba boko.
Boko bo entsoe ka li-neurone le lisele tsa tšehetso, tse tsejoang e le "taba e bohlooho" tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho nahana ka holimo-joalo joaloka ho etsa liqeto le ho rarolla bothata . Empa boko bo boetse bo na le se tsejoang e le "taba e tšoeu," e entsoeng ka li-axon tsohle tse amanang le libaka tse ling tsa boko ho fana ka boitsebiso. Taba e tšoeu e bitsoa ka lebaka la mafura, a mosoeu a tšoeu a tsejoang e le myelin e potolohileng li-axon tse potlakisang matšoao a motlakase a sebelisang ho fana ka boitsebiso ho pholletsa le boko.
Ts'ebetso e ngata ea myelin eo bafuputsi ba e boneng ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha khatello ea kelello e sa foleng ha e felle feela phetoho ea nako e khutšoanyane pakeng tsa taba e tšoeu le e bosoeu - e ka boela ea lebisa liphetohong tse sa feleng mohahong oa boko.
Nakong e fetileng lingaka le bafuputsi ba hlokometse hore batho ba hlaheloang ke lefu la khatello ea kelello le bona ba na le bokooa bo bobe bo akarelletsang ho se leka-lekane ka taba e bohlooho le e tšoeu.
Setsebi sa kelello Daniela Kaufer, mofuputsi ka mor'a liteko tsena tse senyang fatše, o fana ka maikutlo a hore hase khatello ea kelello eohle e amang bokhoni le marangrang a neural ka mokhoa o ts'oanang. Ho imeloa kelellong , kapa mofuta oa khatello ea kelello e u thusang hore u sebetse hantle ha u thulana le phephetso, ho thusa mohala bokong ka tsela e nepahetseng, ho lebisa ho marang-rang a matla le ho ba le botsitso bo matla.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, khatello ea kelello e ka bakang mathata a mangata. "U ntse u bōpa boko bo ka ba boemong bo tsitsitseng kapa bo kotsing ea ho ba le mafu a kelello, ho itšetlehile ka mokhoa oa tšoantšiso oa taba e tšoeu eo u e qalang bophelong," a hlalosa Kaufer.
4 - Khatello ea Kelello e bolaea Lisele tsa Brain
Phuputsong e entsoeng ke bafuputsi ba Univesithi ea Rosalind Franklin ea Medicine le Saense, bafuputsi ba fumane hore ketsahalo e le 'ngoe ea khatello ea sechabeng e ka bolaea li-neurone tse ncha hippocampus ea boko.
Hippocampus ke e 'ngoe ea libaka tsa boko tse amanang haholo le mohopolo , maikutlo le thuto. E boetse ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tse peli tsa boko moo lefu la neurogenis , kapa sebopeho sa lisele tse ncha tsa boko, li teng hohle bophelong.
Litekong, sehlopha sa lipatlisiso se ile sa beha likhoto tse nyenyane ka lekarecheng le likhoto tse peli tse seng kae tsa khale ka nako e ka bang metsotso e 20. Kampo e nyenyane e ntan'o hlaseloa ke baahi ba hōlileng ka ho fetisisa ba lehaeng. Ho hlahlojoa ha litoeba hamorao ho ile ha fumanoa hore ba na le cortisol ka makhetlo a tšeletseng ho feta a likhoto ba neng ba e-s'o ka ba e-ba le khatello ea maikutlo bophelong.
Tlhahlobo e 'ngoe e senoletse hore le hoja litoeba tse nyenyane tse neng li le tlas'a khatello ea maikutlo li ne li entse palo e lekanang ea li-neurone tse ncha joaloka ba neng ba e-s'o ka ba e-ba le khatello ea kelello, ho ne ho e-na le palo e fokolang ea lisele tsa methapo ka mor'a beke. Ka mantsoe a mang, ha ho bonahala eka khatello ea kelello ha e na tšusumetso ea sebopeho sa li-neurone tse ncha, li ile tsa ama hore na lisele tseo li pholohile kapa che.
Ho imeloa kelellong ho ka bolaea lisele tsa boko, empa na ho na le ntho e ka etsoang ho fokotsa tšusumetso e kotsi ea khatello ea kelello?
"Mohato o latelang ke ho utloisisa hore na khatello ea kelello e fokotsehile joang," o hlalositse mongoli ea etelletsang pele Daniel Peterson, Ph.D. "Re batla ho fumana hore na meriana e khahlanong le ho tepella maikutlo e ka 'na ea khona ho boloka li-neurons tse ncha tse sitoang ho itšireletsa li phela."
5 - Khatello ea kelello e senya boko
Esita le har'a batho ba bang ba nang le bophelo bo botle, khatello ea kelello e ka lebisa ho fokotseha libakeng tsa boko tse amanang le taolo ea maikutlo, metabolism le memori.
Le hoja batho ba atisa ho amahanya le liphello tse mpe tsa khatello ea tšohanyetso, e matla e bakoang ke liketsahalo tse fetolang bophelo (tse kang koluoa ea tlhaho, kotsi ea koloi, lefu la moratuoa), bafuputsi ba hlile ba re ke khatello ea letsatsi le letsatsi eo bohle re bonahalang re tobana le eona , ha nako e ntse e ea, e ka kenya letsoho ho ferekanyang mafu a mangata.
Phuputsong e 'ngoe, bafuputsi ba Univesithing ea Yale ba ile ba shebella litho tse 100 tse phelang hantle tse faneng ka tlhahiso-leseling ka liketsahalo tse sithabetsang bophelong ba bona. Bafuputsi ba hlokometse hore ho pepeseha khatello ea kelello, esita le khatello ea morao-rao, ho ile ha etsa hore ho be le bohlooho bo bobebe ho prefrontal cortex, sebaka sa boko bo amanang le lintho tse kang boitšoaro le maikutlo.
Ho sa feleng, khatello ea letsatsi le letsatsi e bonahala e se na tšusumetso e khōlō boleng ba boko empa e ka etsa hore batho ba kotsing ea ho senyeha ha bokooa ha ba tobana le khatello e matla ea maikutlo.
"Ho bokella liketsahalo tse sithabetsang bophelong ho ka etsa hore ho be thata haholoanyane ho batho bana ho sebetsana le khatello ea kelello e tlang, haholo-holo haeba ketsahalo e latelang e hloka hore ho be le matla a ho laola, ho laola maikutlo a maikutlo, kapa ho kopanya sechaba sechabeng ho se hlōla". Ansell.
Ho thahasellisang ke hore sehlopha sa lipatlisiso se fumane hore mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea khatello ea kelello e na le liphello tse sa tšoaneng bokong. Liketsahalo tsa morao-rao tse sithabetsang, tse kang ho lahleheloa ke mosebetsi kapa ho ba kotsing ea koloi, li ne li atisa ho susumetsa tlhokomelo ea maikutlo. Liketsahalo tse sithabetsang, joaloka lefu la moratuoa kapa ho kula ho tebileng, li na le tšusumetso e kholo linthong tsa maikutlo.
6 - Khatello ea Kelello e U Sitisa ho Hopola
Haeba o kileng oa leka ho hopola lintlha tsa ketsahalo e sithabetsang, mohlomong ua tseba hore ka linako tse ling khatello ea kelello e ka etsa hore liketsahalo li be thata ho hopola. Esita le khatello ea maikutlo e nyane e ka ba le tšusumetso e potlakileng mohopolong oa hau, joalo ka ho loanela ho hopola moo likoloi tsa hau li leng teng kapa moo u siileng mokotlana oa hau ha u fihla morao mosebetsing.
Phuputso e 'ngoe ea 2012 e fumane hore ho imeloa kelellong ho sa feleng ho na le tšusumetso e mpe ho se tsejoang e le mohopolo oa sebaka, kapa bokhoni ba ho hopola boitsebiso ba libaka tse tikolohong hammoho le maemo a sebaka. Phuputso ea 2014 e bontšitse hore litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa hormone ea khatello ea kelello ea cortisol li ne li amana le ho hopola nako e khutšoanyane likhoto tse hōlileng.
Tlhaloso ea kakaretso ea khatello ea kelello mehopolong e na le mefuta e sa tšoaneng, e 'ngoe ea eona ke nako. Liphuputso tse ngata li bontšitse hore ha khatello ea maikutlo e etsahala kapele pele e ithuta, mohopolo o ka ntlafatsoa ka ho thusa ho hokahanya mohopolo.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, khatello ea maikutlo e 'nile ea bontšoa hore e sitisa ho hopola mohopolo . Ka mohlala, bafuputsi ba 'nile ba bontša khafetsa hore ho pepeseha khatello ea kelello pele ho teko ea ho boloka mohopolo ho lebisa ts'ebetsong ea lihlooho tsa batho le tsa liphoofolo.
Le hoja khatello ea kelello e le karolo ea bophelo bo ke keng ba qojoa maemong a mangata, bafuputsi ba lumela hore ka ho utloisisa hantle hore na ke hobane'ng ha khatello ea kelello e ama bokhoni, ba ka utloisisa ho thibela kapa ho tlosa khatello ea kelello e bang teng. Ka mohlala, litsebi tse ling li bontša hore lipatlisiso tse joalo li ka ba le karolo ho nts'etsopele ea lithethefatsi tse etselitsoeng ho thibela liphello tse kotsi tsa khatello ea kelello boko.
Litlhahiso
Anderson, RM, Birnie, AK, Koblesky, NK, Romig-Martin, SA, & Radley, JJ (2014). Sebaka sa boemo bo sa tloaelehang bo bolela esale pele hore tekanyo e amanang le lilemo tse amanang le lilemo lilemong tsa prefrontal tsa polasetiki le ho sebetsa mohopolo. Journal of Neuroscience, 34 (25), 8387-8397; doi: 10.1523 / JNEUROSCI.1385-14.2014.
Ansell, EB, Rando, K., Tuit, K., Guarnaccia, J., & Sinha, R. (2012). Mahlomola a mangata le lihlooho tse nyenyane tse nang le bohlooho bo bongata bo boholo ba libaka tsa boipheliso, libaka tse ling tsa libaka tse ling tsa libaka tse sa tšoaneng. Phekolo ea mafu a kelello, 72 (1), 57-64. doi: 10.1016 / j.biopsych.2011.11.022.
Chetty, S., le al. (2014). Matšoenyeho le li-glucocorticoids li khothalletsa oligodendrogenesis ho hippocampus e kholo. Molecular Psychiatry, 19, 1275-1283. doi: 10.1038 / mp.2013.190.
Conrad, CD (2012). Tlhahlobo e bohlokwa ea liphello tse sa feleng tsa khatello ea ho ithuta le ho hopola mohopolo . Tsoelo-pele ho Neuro-Psychopharmacology le Biology Psychiatry, 34 (5) , 742-755.
Hathaway, B. (2012, la 9 9). Esita le boemong bo botle, khatello ea kelello e etsa hore boko bo fokotsehe, thuto ea Yale e bontša. YaleNews. Ho fumanoa ho http://news.yale.edu/2012/01/09/even-healthy-stress-causes-brain-shrink-yale-study-shows
Sanders, R. (2014, Feb. 11). Bopaki bo bocha ba hore ho imeloa kelellong ho sa feleng ho etsa hore boko bo be le mafu a kelello. UC Berkely News Center. E khutliselitsoe ho http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2014/02/11/chronic-stress-predisposes-brain-to-mental-illness/
Mokhatlo oa Neuroscience. (2007, la 15 March). Letsatsi ka mor'a ketsahalo e sithabetsang, likhoto li lahleheloa ke lisele tsa boko. ScienceSaily . E khutlisitsoe ho www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/03/070314093335.htm