Lihlopha tse 'nè tse kholo tsa meriana ea ho tšoenyeha
Haeba u e-na le boloetse ba ho tšoenyeha, maikutlo ana ka nako e 'ngoe a thusang a ka u sitisa ho sebetsana le' me a ka ba a sitisa bophelo ba hau ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Mathata a ho tšoenyeha hase feela taba ea methapo. Ke mafu, a atisang ho amahanngoa le litlolo tsa bophelo le liphihlelo tsa bophelo ba motho ka mong, 'me hangata a matha malapeng. Ka lehlohonolo, ho na le meriana e 'maloa e fumanehang bakeng sa ho tšoara matšoao a mafu a ho tšoenyeha.
Matšoao a Matšoenyeho a ho Tšoenyeha
Ka kakaretso, matšoao a hlahelang mathateng a ho tšoenyeha a kenyeletsa ho halefa, ho hloka botsitso, ho qhomela, maikutlo a ho tšoenyeha, ho otloa ha pelo, kapele kapa ho nyeheloa ha pelo, mathata le / kapa mathata a phefumoloho. Matšoao ana a fapana ho itšetlehile ka motho le lefu la lefu la ho tšoenyeha.
Mefuta ea Matšoenyeho a Tšoenyeho
Ho na le mathata a 'maloa a matšoenyeho, e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le likarolo tsa eona tse fapaneng le matšoao. Mokhoa o tloaelehileng haholo ke lefu la ho tšoenyeha ka tloaelehileng (GAD), lefu la ho tšoenyeha ha sechaba (SAD). lefu la ho tšoha, phobias, boloetse bo feteletseng ba ho qobella (OCD) le lefu la khatello ea kelello (Post-traumatic disorder disorder) (PTSD).
Meriana e Sebetsang ho Tšoara Mathata a ho Tšoenyeha
Ho sebelisa meriana bakeng sa lefu la ho tšoenyeha ho nkoa e sireletsehile ebile e atlehile mme e ka ba ea thusang ka ho khetheha ha e sebelisoa hammoho le phekolo ea kelello . Ho na le lihlopha tse 'nè tse kholo tsa meriana eo litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello li sebelisang ho sebetsana le mathata a ho tšoenyeha: serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), benzodiazepines le tricyclic ho loantša maikutlo (TCAs).
Selectional Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Selectional serotonin reuptake inhibitors e sebetsa ka ho etsa hore serotonin e ngata e fumanehe bokong, e leng se ntlafatsang maikutlo a hau. SSRIs e kang Prozac (fluoxetine), Luvox (fluxxamine), Paxil (paroxetine) le Zoloft (sertraline) ke khetho e ntle ea mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa lefu la matšoenyeho.
Ka kakaretso, litla-morao li ka kenyelletsa boima ba 'mele, mathata a ho robala (a mangata haholo kapa a fokolang haholo) le ho se sebetse ka thobalano. Litla-morao tse ngata li fela ka mor'a libeke tse 'maloa ho qalella meriana, leha ho le joalo, kahoo fa' mele oa hao nako ea ho e fetola.
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors e sebetsa ka tsela e tšoanang ho SSRIs ka hore e etsa hore boemo ba serotonin, hammoho le norepinephrine, bo be bo phahameng bokong. Mehlala ke Cymbalta (duloxetine), Effexor (venlafaxine) le Pristiq (desvenlafaxine). SNRIs li nkoa e le tse atlehang joaloka SSRI, haholo-holo bakeng sa boloetse ba ho tšoenyeha ka ho feletseng. Litla-morao li ka kenyelletsa hlooho ea hlooho, ho se sebetse ka thobalano, ho hlobaela, ho sithabela mala le ho eketsa khatello ea mali.
Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines, kapa sedatives, hangata e sebelisetsoa nako e khutšoanyane ho u thusa ho phutholoha le ho felisa tsitsipano ea mesifa le matšoao a mang a 'mele a ka tlisoang ke matšoenyeho. Hangata benzodiazepines e kenyelletsa Klonopin (clonazepam), Xanax (alprazolam), Valium (diazepam) le Ativan (lorazepam). Benzodiazepines ka kakaretso e ka felisa matšoao ka nakoana.
Batho ba fapaneng ba arabela ka tsela e fapaneng ho benzodiazepines. Batho ba bang ba ka 'na ba hloka ho li nka ka makhetlo a mabeli kapa a mararo ka letsatsi, le tse ling hang ka letsatsi, kapa ka nako e hlokahalang.
Hangata tekanyo e qala ka tekanyo e tlase 'me e ts'oaneloa ho fihlela matšoao a fokotseha kapa a tlosoa. Lethal dose e tla fapana haholo ho latela matšoao le 'mele oa hau oa likhemik'hale. Ka linako tse ling Benzodiazepines e fanoa ka mokhoa o hlokahalang feela bakeng sa maemo a sithabetsang kapa litlhaselo tse tšoenyang.
Sebelisa Temoso le Benzodiazepines
Tšebeliso ea nako e telele ea benzodiazepines ha e khothalletsoe hobane u ka hlaolela mamello le / kapa botšepehi. Mamello e bolela hore o hloka ho noa meriana e mengata e le hore e sebetse. Ho itšetleha ho bolela hore u hlaolela matšoao a ho khaotsa ha u khaotsa ho noa meriana.
Batho ba bang ba hlekefetsa meriana ena e le hore ba phahame. Meriana e nkang nako e telele e kang Klonopin kapa Valium e ka hlahisa matšoao a ho khaotsa ka matla ho feta meriana ea nakoana e kang Xanax le Ativan.
U lokela ho ila joala ha u noa benzodiazepines hobane ho sebelisana pakeng tsa benzodiazepine le joala ho ka lebisa mathata a tebileng 'me mohlomong a beha bophelo bo kotsing. Etsa bonnete ba hore o bolella ngaka ea hau ka meriana e meng eo ue nkang.
Etsa bonnete ba hore u buisane le ngaka pele u tlohela benzodiazepine. Ho ka 'na ha e-ba le karabelo ea ho itšehla thajana haeba phekolo e emisoa ka tšohanyetso. Matšoao a ho tlohela a ka kenyelletsa matšoenyeho, ho sisinyeha, hlooho, ho ba le bothata, ho hloka boroko, ho lahleheloa ke takatso ea lijo le / kapa ho tsietsing.
Ho makatsang ke hore matšoao ana a mangata a tšoana le matšoao ao u ka 'nang ua e batla kalafo. E le ho qoba matšoao ana ngaka ea hau e ka 'na ea tšoaea meriana ea hau moriana butle-butle.
Tricyclic Ho tepella maikutlo (TCAs)
Sehlopha sa ho qetela sa meriana e sebelisetsoang ho tšoenyeha ke tricyclic ea ho tepella maikutlo. Hobane meriana ena e ne e le e meng ea meriana e matla ea ho imeloa kelellong e ntlafetseng, e ka ba le litla-morao tse matla, ho kenyeletsa pono e hlakileng, molomo o omeletseng, ho qhotsoa, khatello ea mali e theoha ha ho ema le mathata a ho ntša metsi. Mehlala ea TCA ke Elavil (amitriptyline), Tofranil (imipramine) le (Pamelor) nortriptyline.
Etsa bonnete ba hore o noa meriana ea hau joalo ka taelo ea ngaka ea hau. Haeba u e-na le litla-morao tse tebileng, sheba ngaka ea hau, empa u se ke ua khaotsa meriana ea hau ntle le tumello ea ngaka kaha sena se ka baka mathata a tebileng a bophelo bo botle.
Lisebelisoa:
http://www.adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/DSM-5-changes
http://www.adaa.org/finding-help/treatment/medication
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/antidepressants/art-20044970