Liphello tse tloaelehileng, Lipontšo, le litekanyo
Mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1990, sehlopha se secha sa lithethefatsi se ile sa thehoa ho tšoara matšoao a kelello a schizophrenia . Lithethefatsi, tse bitsoang li-antipychotic, li atisa ho iponahatsa e le tse atlehileng joaloka moloko oa pejana o tloaelehileng oa li-antipsychotics empa o na le litla-morao tse seng kae tsa extrapyramidal (ho akarelletsa le li-spasms, tremor, rigidity, tics, and convulsions).
Abilify (Aripiprazole)
Abilify (aripiprazole) o amohetse tumello ea 'maraka e tsoang ho US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ka 2003 bakeng sa ho phekoloa ha lefu la schizophrenia le lefu la ho ferekana kelellong . Hape ka linako tse ling ho sebelisoa ho sebetsana le ho tepella maikutlo ho tebileng, ho kula ho feteletseng ka ho feteletseng (OCD) , le ho halefa ho amanang le autism.
Tekanyetso e tloaelehileng ea batho ba baholo e na le limiligrama tse 10 ho isa ho tse 15 ka letsatsi. Le hoja li-milligram tse ka bang 30 li ka ngolisoa letsatsi ka leng, tekanyo e phahameng ha ea bontšoa hore e fana ka liphello tse molemo. Ho matlafatsa ha hoa lokela ho sebelisoa ho phekola lefu la schizophrenia ho bana ba ka tlaase ho lilemo tse 13 kapa ho tšoaroa ke lefu la ho ferekana kelellong ho bana ba ka tlaase ho lilemo tse 10.
Litla-morao li kenyelletsa ho ba le boima ba 'mele, ho ba le bohlooho-hlooho, ho tsieleha, ho tšoenyeha, ho hlobaela, ho nyeheloa ke pelo, ho patoa, le ho ba le bohlooho.
Hape
Risperdal (Risperidone)
Risperdal (risperidone) o amohetse tumello ea eona ea FDA ka 1994 'me e atisa ho sebelisoa ho phekola lefu la schizophrenia, lefu la ho ferekana kelellong, le ho halefa ho amanang le autism.
Tekanyo e kholo e pakeng tsa limilimithara tse peli le tse tharo ka letsatsi, ha bana ba atisa ho laeloa 0.5 milligrams letsatsi le leng le le leng. Risperdal ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa ho phekola lefu la schizophrenia ho bana ba ka tlaase ho lilemo tse 13, ho phekola lefu la ho ferekana kelellong ho bana ba ka tlaase ho lilemo tse 10, kapa ho phekola ho halefisoa ha autism ho bana ba ka tlaase ho tse hlano.
Litla-morao li akarelletsa ho ba le botenya, ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho pata, ho hlatsa, indigestion. Le hoja e e-na le liphello tse fokolang ka tlaase ho feta likokoana-hloko tse ling tse hlaselang, e atisa ho ba le litla-morao tse eketsehileng tsa extrapyramidal ho feta tse ling tsa lithethefatsi tse ling.
Hape
Zyprexa (Olanzapine)
Zyprexa (olanzapine) e ile ea amoheloa ke FDA ka 1996 ho sebelisoa ho phekola lefu la schizophrenia le lefu la ho ferekana kelellong.
Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa meno e moholo o pakeng tsa limiligrama tse 10 le tse 15 ka letsatsi. Ha ea lokela ho behoa ka tekanyo ea li-milligrams tse fetang 20 ka letsatsi. Lekhasi la lilemong tsa bocha le pakeng tsa lilograma tse peli ho isa ho tse 10 ka letsatsi. Zyprexa ha lia lokela ho fuoa bana ba ka tlaase ho lilemo tse 13.
Litla-morao tse peli tse kholo tsa Zyprexa ke phaello ea boima le ho eketsa tsoekere ea mali le likhahla tsa lipid (ho eketsa kotsi ea ho hanyetsa insulin le lefu la tsoekere). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lithethefatsi li na le lebelo le tlase la litla-morao ho feta tse ling tse ling tsa li-antipychotic.
Hape
Seroquel (Quetiapine)
Seroquel (quetiapine) o amohetse tumello ea FDA ka 1997 bakeng sa tšebeliso ea schizophrenia, lefu la ho ferekana kelellong le khatello e khōlō ea ho tepella maikutlo.
Seroquel o tloaelehile ho behoa maemong a letsatsi le letsatsi a li-milligram tse pakeng tsa 400 le 800 (kapa ho feta bakeng sa batho ba nang le lefu le sa phekoleheng). Joaloka tse ling tsa likokoana-hloko tse hlaselang, Seroquel ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa ho phekola lefu la schizophrenia ho bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 13 kapa ho tšoaroa ke lefu la ho ferekana kelellong ho bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 10.
Seroquel o na le likotsi tse mpe tsa motlakase. Le hoja litla-morao li ka kenyelletsa boima ba 'mele le tsoekere e phahameng ea mali, hangata li fokotseha haholo ho feta Zyprexa kapa Clozaril. Litla-morao tse ling li kenyelletsa erection ea nako e telele le khatello e tlaase ea mali ha e ema.
Hape
Geodon (Ziprasidone)
Geodon (ziprasidone) e amohetse tumello ea FDA ka 2001 'me e sebelisetsoa ho phekola lefu la schizophrenia le mokokotlo oa manic kapa o tsoakiloeng oa lefu la ho ferekana kelellong. Ka nako e 'ngoe e ne e sebelisa lebokose ho tšoara lefu la khatello ea kelello (PTSD) le ho tepella maikutlong.
Tekanyetso e tloaelehileng ea batho ba baholo e pakeng tsa lilograma tse 80 le 160 ka letsatsi. Ho qaptjoa ka metso ho boetse ho fumaneha ho phekola ho tsuba ka matla ho schizophrenia. Geodon ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa ho bana ba ka tlaase ho 10.
FDA e ile ea fana ka temoso ea lebokose le letšo e eletsa hore tšebeliso ea eona e amana le kotsi ea ho shoa ha batho ba baholo ba nang le 'dementia'. Le hoja Geodon e se ke ea etsa hore motho a be le boima ba 'mele kapa matšoao a extrapyramidal, e ka baka pelo ea pelo e otlang pelo, ea mohlankana, le ea theohelang khatello ea mali ha e ema.
Hape
Clozaril (Clozapine)
Clozaril (clozapine) e ne e le li-antipsychotics tsa pele tse hlaselang ho fumana tumello ea FDA ka 1990 'me e ntse e le setsi se seholo sa batho ba hlokang tlhokomelo ea schizophrenia. Le ha ho bonahala eka e atlehile ho batho ba nang le boitšoaro ba boithaopo ba ho ipolaea , bo na le litla-morao tse ngata tsa bohlokoa.
Tekanyetso e tloaelehileng ea motho e moholo e pakeng tsa limiligrama tse 300 le 700 ka letsatsi. Ha e khothalletsoe ho batho ba ka tlaase ho lilemo tse 18.
Tse ling tsa litla-morao tsa Clozaril li tebile 'me li ka' na tsa bolaea. E amahanngoa le kotsi e batlang e phahame ea lisele tsa mali tse tlaase tse ka fang lefu. Ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa ho batho ba hōlileng ba nang le 'dementia'. Myocarditis e amanang le lithethefatsi (ho ruruha ha pelo) e boetse e tsejoa hore e etsahala 'me e ka boela ea bolaea.
Litla-morao tse ling li kenyelletsa boima ba 'mele, ho itšireletsa, ho imeloa ke mesifa, ho otsela, ho robala bethe, drooling ea bosiu le tsoekere e phahameng ea mali. Batho ba Clozaril ba hloka tlhahlobo ea makhetlo a tloaelehileng le tlhokomelo ea meriana ho hlahloba tsoelo-pele ea litla-morao leha e le life.
> Mehloli:
> Crossley, N. le Constante, M. "Bokhoni ba li-atypical v e tloaelehileng ea li-antipsychotics nakong ea phekolo ea pele ea psychosis: meta-analysis." Br J Psych. 2010: 196 (6): 434-439.
> Maher, A .; Maglione, M .; le Bagley, S. "Tlhahlobo e sebetsang le ho bapisa litlhahlobo tsa Antipyychotic ea Atypical bakeng sa Tlhahlobo ea Tsela ea Batho ba baholo: Tlhahlobo e Hlophisitsoeng le Meta-analysis." JAMA. 2011; 306 (12): 1359-1369.
Hape