Batho ba tepelletsang maikutlo ke lithethefatsi tse thibelang ts'ebetso ea methapo ea methapo (CNS) 'me e har'a tse ling tse sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Lithethefatsi tsena li sebetsa ka ho fetola li-neurone CNS, e lebisang matšoao a kang ho otsela, ho phomola, ho fokotsa tšoaetso, ho phomola, ho robala, ho bolaea esita le lefu. Batho ba bangata ba nyahameng ba boetse ba na le monyetla oa ho lemalla.
Le hoja ba sithabetsang ba CNS bohle ba arolelana le bokhoni ba ho fokotsa tšebetso ea tsamaiso ea methapo ea methapo le maemo a tlase a tsebo bokong , ho na le phapang e khōlō har'a lintho tse ka har'a sehlopha sena sa lithethefatsi. Tse ling li sireletsehile ho feta tse ling 'me tse' maloa li laeloa ka morero oa meriana.
Mefuta ea ba nyahamisang
Lithethefatsi tse nkoang e le tse sithabetsang li kenyelletsa:
- Joala ea ethyl
- Barbiturates
- Benzodiazepines
Joala ea Ethl
Joala, e tsejoang hape e le joala ethyl, ke eona ea bobeli e sebelisoang haholo ho sebelisoa ke lithethefatsi lefats'eng (cafeineine ke palo e le 'ngoe). Le hoja joala ke lithethefatsi tsa molao, le eona e na le bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho hlekefetsoa. Phuputso ea 2014 e entsoeng ke Tlhekefetso ea Meriana le Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebeletso ea Bophelo bo Botle ba Melello e fumane hore batho ba ka bang limilione tse 61 ba US ka holim'a lilemo tse 12 ba tlalehoa hore ba noa joala. Batho ba bang ba limilione tse 16 ba fetang lilemo tse 12 ba tlalehile hore ba sebelisoa haholo ke joala.
Tšebeliso ea joala le tlhekefetso e boetse e na le litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa sechaba.
Ho ea ka Mokhatlo oa American Psychiatric Association, hoo e ka bang karolo ea 50 lekholong ea litlhaselo tsohle, ho bolaoa le ho shoa ha litsela tse khōlō li akarelletsa joala (2000).
Barbiturates
Li-barbiturates , tseo ka linako tse ling li boleloang e le tse theohelang, ke mofuta oa khatello ea kokoana-hloko ea CNS e etsang hore motho a thabe le ho phomola ha a nooa ka tekanyo e nyane. Nakong ea halofo ea pele ea lilemo tsa bo-1900, barbiturates li ne li nkoa e le khatello e sireletsehileng, empa mathata a ho lemala le ho feta ho feta tekano a ile a bonahala kapele.
Li-barbiturate li na le tšusumetso e matla litseleng tsa boroko, tse hlahisang boroko ba REM bo fokolisitsoeng. Hobane menyetla ea ho lemala le ho feta tekano ke e phahameng haholo, li-barbiturates ha li sa sebelisoa ho phekola mathata le matšoenyeho.
Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines ke mofuta oa CNS o sithabetsang ka ho fetisisa o laetsoeng hore o sebetsane le mathata a ho tšoenyeha le a ho robala. Ka 1999, benzodiazepine tse 'nè e fapaneng e ne e le tse ling tsa lithethefatsi tse ka holimo ho 100 tse romeloang haholo US (Latner, 2000).
Ka lebaka la ho theoha ha bona le ho ba le katleho e phahameng, benzodiazepines e 'nile ea sebelisoa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng e le phekolo ea nakoana bakeng sa mathata a ho tšoenyeha le ho hlobaela. Leha ho le joalo, bokhoni ba ho itšetleha ka bona bo etsa hore e be phekolo ea nako e telele e khethiloeng ka nako e telele bakeng sa lintho tse kang lefu la ho tšoenyeha ka tloaelo , mathata a bakoang ke khatello ea kelello ea morao-rao , le mathata a ho tšoha (Julien, 2001).
Benzodiazepines li na le boroko-bo fokolang, bo fokolang, bo hlasimollang mesifa-le bohlasoa. Ka lebaka la liphello tsena, benzodiazepines e 'nile ea sebelisetsoa ho tšoara lintlha tse' maloa tse akarelletsang mathata a ho robala, ho tšoenyeha, ho sithabela ho feteletseng, ho fokotsa mesifa le ho oela.
Hangata Benzodiazepines e nkoa e bolokehile nakong e khutšoanyane, empa nako e telele ho sebelisoa ho ka lebisa ho mamellana, ho itšetleha le matšoao a ho tlohela ha ho fela.
Matsoho a sithabetsang
Hangata batho ba tepelletsang maikutlo ba sebelisoa ho lokisa matšoao a amanang le mathata a mangata a fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa:
- Ho tšoenyeha, ho kopanyelletsa le ho ba le maemo a bophelo , ho tšoenyeha ha tšabo le khathatso ea kelello e tloaelehileng
- Mathata a makatsang
- Ho tepella maikutlong
- Ho tsieleha
- Ho khaotsa
Batho ba Tepelletsang Maikutlo ba Sebetsa Joang?
Matšoenyeho a mangata a CNS a sebetsa ka ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea mothapo oa methapo e bitsoang gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Joaloka li -neurotransmitters tse ling, GABA e tsamaisa melaetsa e tsoang seleng e 'ngoe ho ea ho e' ngoe. Ka ho eketsa mosebetsi oa GABA, mosebetsi oa boko o fokotsehile, o lebisa phelong e khathollang. Ke kahoo ho nka ho tepella maikutlo ho ka fella ka maikutlo a ho otsela.
Lisebelisoa:
Mokhatlo oa Maiketsetso oa Amerika. (2000). Buka ea ho hlahloba le ea lipalo-palo ea mathata a kelello. (4 ed., Text Revision) . Washington DC: Mokhatlo oa American Psychiatric Association.
Hedden, SL, Kennet, J., Lipari, R., Medley, G., & Tice, P. (2015). Mekhoa ea bophelo bo botle United States: Litholoana tsa phuputso ea naha ea 2014 mabapi le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le bophelo bo botle. Tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi le Mokhatlo oa Litšebeletso tsa Bophelo ba Mental Health (SAMHSA).
Julien, RM (2001). Tlhahlobo ea lithethefatsi. New York: Bahoeletsi ba Bohlokoa.
Latner, A. (2000). Lithethefatsi tse ka hodimo tse 200 tsa 1999. Pharmacy Times, tse 66 , 16-32.
Mokhatlo oa Sechaba oa Tlhekefetso ea Meriana. (2014). Li-depressants tsa CNS li ama boko le 'mele joang?