Hoo e batlang e le letsatsi le leng le le leng re hlalosa le ho hlahloba botho ba batho ba re potolohileng. "O na le botho bo joalo," u ka 'na ua re ka motsoalle. "O fumana botho ba hae ho ntat'ae," u ka 'na ua re ka mora oa hao ea mahlahahlaha. Ha re ntse re qeta nako e ngata re bua ka botho, batho ba bangata ha ba tsebe hantle hore na ke joang le hore na botho ba kelello ke bofe.
Ho sa tsotellehe hore na rea e lemoha kapa che, mekhoa ena ea letsatsi le letsatsi mabapi le hore na batho ba itšoara joang le hore na ke hobane'ng ha ba itšoara ka tsela e tšoanang le ea botho ba litsebi tsa kelello. Le hoja tlhahlobo ea rona e sa reroang ea botho e atisa ho lebisa tlhokomelo ho batho ka bomong, botho ba kelello ba kelello ho e-na le hoo ba sebelisa likhopolo tsa botho tse ka sebetsang ho bohle. Patlisiso ea botho e entse hore ho hlahisoe likhopolo tse 'maloa tse thusang ho hlalosa hore na ke hobane'ng ha litšobotsi tse itseng tsa botho li hlaolela.
A re ke re shebisise hantle hore na litsebi tsa kelello li bolela eng ha li bua ka botho, kamoo li ithutang botho ba batho kateng, le tse ling tsa likhopolo tsa bohlokoa tsa botho.
Litlhaloso
Le hoja ho na le likhopolo tse ngata tsa botho, mohato oa pele ke ho utloisisa hantle se boleloang ke botho ba nako . Lentsoe "botho" le itšetlehile ka lentsoe la Selatine persona , le buang ka mask a lipapali a aparetsoeng ke baetsi e le hore e ka ba le mosebetsi o fapaneng kapa o patela boitsebiso ba bona.
Tlhaloso e khutšoanyane e ka ba hore botho bo entsoe ka mekhoa ea maikutlo, maikutlo, le boitšoaro bo etsang hore motho a ikhethoe. Ho phaella ho sena, botho bo tsoa ho motho ka mong mme bo lula bo sa tsitsane ho pholletsa le bophelo.
U ka hlalosa botho joang? Lintlha tse latelang ke tse seng kae feela tsa litlhaloso tse hlalositsoeng ke litsebi tse ling tse fapaneng tsa kelello:
- "E leng se lumellang ho bolela esale pele seo motho a tla se etsa boemong bo itseng." -Raymond B. Cattell, 1950
- "Mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng ka hara motho ka mong oa mekhoa ea ts'ebeliso ea kelello ea pelo e khethollang boitšoaro ba hae le maikutlo a hae." -Gordon W. Allport, 1961
- "Mekhoa e khethollang ea boitšoaro (ho akarelletsa mehopolo le 'ho ama,' ke hore, maikutlo, maikutlo le liketso) tse khethollang motho ka mong ka mamello." -Walter Mischel, 1999
- "Boitšoaro bo bolela mekhoa ea batho ba nahanang, maikutlo, le boitšoaro, hammoho le mekhoa ea kelello - e patehileng kapa che - ka morao ho mekhoa eo." -Funder, 2001
- "Le hoja ho se na tlhaloso e le 'ngoe e amohelehang ho botho bohle ba litsebi, re ka bolela hore botho ke mohlala oa litšobotsi tse sa feleng le tse ikhethang tse fanang ka botsitso le boithati ho motho." -Feist le Feist, 2009
Le hoja ho na le litlhaloso tse fapaneng tsa botho, boholo ba tsona bo lebisa tlhokomelo mofuteng oa boitšoaro le litšoaneleho tse ka thusang ho tseba esale pele le ho hlalosa boitšoaro ba motho. Litlhaloso tsa botho li ka tsepamisa mohopolo mefuteng e sa tšoaneng, ho tloha lichabeng tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa litšoaneleho tsa botho ho karolo ea tikoloho le phihlelo ea ho bōpa botho ba motho.
Lintho tsa tikoloho tse ka kenyang letsoho tabeng ea ntlafatso le ponahalo ea botho li kenyelletsa lintho tse kang ho ba motsoali le setso. Bana ba hōlisitsoeng ba ka itšetleha ka mekhoa ea botho le mekhoa ea botsoali ea bahlokomeli hammoho le mekhoa le litakatso tsa litso tse fapaneng.
Lihlopha
Joale ke eng e hlileng e etsang botho? Joalokaha ho hlalositsoe lichalosong tse ka holimo, u ka lebella hore litšobotsi le mekhoa ea monahano le maikutlo li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa. Tse ling tsa litšobotsi tse ling tsa bohlokoa tsa botho li kenyelletsa:
- Tlhōlisano: Ka kakaretso ho na le taelo e tloaelehileng le e tloaelehileng ho boitšoaro. Ha e le hantle, batho ba etsa litsela tse tšoanang kapa litsela tse tšoanang maemong a sa tšoaneng.
- Boikutlo le kelello : Boitšoaro bo hahiloe kelellong, empa lipatlisiso li bontša hore li boetse li susumelitsoe ke mekhoa le litlhoko tsa likokoana-hloko.
- E ama liketso le liketso: Botho ha bo susumelle feela hore na re fallela joang le ho arabela tikolohong ea rona; ho boetse ho etsa hore re etse ka litsela tse itseng.
- Lipolelo tse ngata: Botho bo bontšoa ho feta boitšoaro feela. E ka boela ea bonoa mehopolong ea rona, maikutlo, kamano e haufi, le likamano tse ling tsa sechaba.
Likhopolo
Ho na le likhopolo tse 'maloa mabapi le kamoo botho bo hlahang kateng . Likolo tse fapaneng tsa monahano oa kelello li susumetsa tse ngata tsa likhopolo tsena. Tse ling tsa lintlha tse kholo tsa botho li kenyelletsa:
- Theha likhopolo-taba ke maikutlo a pele a botho. Likhopolo tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho na le palo e fokolang ea "mefuta ea botho" e amanang le tšusumetso ea likokoana-hloko.
- Likhopolo tsa boitšoaro li atisa ho talima botho e le litholoana tsa litšobotsi tsa ka hare tse hlahisitsoeng ke liphatsa tsa lefutso.
- Maikutlo a kelello a botho a susumetsoa haholo ke mosebetsi oa Sigmund Freud mme a hatisa tšusumetso ea kelello ea ho se tsebe letho ka botho. Likhopolo tsa Psychodynamic li kenyeletsa thuto ea sethaleng ea Sigmund Freud's psychosexual le mekhahlelo ea Erik Erikson ea tsoelo-pele ea kelello.
- Likhopolo tsa boitšoaro li bontša hore botho ke phello ea ho sebelisana pakeng tsa motho ka mong le tikoloho. Litsebi tsa thuto ea boitšoaro li hlahloba mekhoa e metle le e lekanyang, hangata e hlokomoloha karolo ea mehopolo ea maikutlo le maikutlo. Litsebi tsa litsebi tsa boitšoaro li akarelletsa BF Skinner le John B. Watson .
- Likhopolo tsa batho li hatisa bohlokoa ba bolokolohi ba ho ikhethela le boiphihlelo ka bomong ho ntlafatsa botho. Theorists ea Humanist e kenyelletsa Carl Rogers le Abraham Maslow.
Mekhoa ea Psychology
Lipatlisiso ka botho li ka fana ka kutloisiso e tsotehang ea hore na botho bo hlahisa le ho fetoha joang nakong ea bophelo bohle. Patlisiso ena e ka boela ea ba le mekhoa ea bohlokoa e sebetsang lefatšeng la sebele.
Ka mohlala, tlhahlobo ea botho e atisa ho sebelisoa ho thusa batho ho ithuta ho eketsehileng ka bona le matla a bona a ikhethang, bofokoli le lithahasello tsa bona. Liphuputso tse ling li ka 'na tsa sheba tsela eo batho ba ikhethang ka eona litabeng tse itseng, tse kang hore na ba phahame haholo , ba hlokolosi kapa ba bulehile. Liphuputso tse ling li ka 'na tsa lekanyetsa hore na likarolo tse itseng tsa botho li fetoha joang nakong ea tsoelo-pele. Litlhahlobo tse joalo li ka boela tsa sebelisoa ho thusa batho hore ba tsebe hore na ba ka thabela mesebetsi efe, hore na ba ka khona ho etsa mesebetsi efe kapa efe, kapa hore na mokhoa oa psychotherapy o sebetsa joang.
Lentsoe le Tsoang ho
Ho utloisisa kelello ea botho ke botho bo fetang feela thuto ea thuto. Liphuputso tse entsoeng ke lipatlisiso tsa botho li ka ba le mekhoa ea bohlokoa lefapheng la meriana, bophelo bo botle, khoebo, moruo, thekenoloji le libakeng tse ling. Bafuputsi ba fumane hore litšobotsi tse itseng tsa botho li ka amahanngoa le ho kula le boitšoaro bo botle. Ka ho haha kutloisiso e molemo ea hore na botho bo sebetsa joang, re ka batla litsela tse ncha tsa ho ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle le ba sechaba.
> Mehloli:
> Khauta, BJ. The Psychology of Personality: Lipono tsa Pono, Lipatlisiso, le Likōpo. New York: Wiley Blackwell; 2009.
> John, OP, Robins, RW, & Pervin, LA. Buka ea Botho: Thuto le Tlhahlobo. New York: Guilford Press; 2008.