U ka 'na ua ipotsa hore na ke'ng e hlalosang ho lemala kapa boloetse ba ho sebelisa lithethefatsi. Buka ea Boitsebiso le Tlhahlobo ea Matšoao a Mental (DSM), e leng mongolo o ngolisitsoeng ka molao o fumanoang o thehiloe, o na le lits'ebetso tsa mathata a ho sebelisa lithethefatsi le mathata a mang a bophelo bo botle ba kelello . Phetolelo ea morao-rao ea DSM ke khatiso ea bohlano, e tsejoang e le DSM-5 , 'me e na le liphetoho tse kholo ho lenane la mathata a sebelisoang ke lithethefatsi le litekanyetso tse lokelang ho finyelloa e le ho fumana tse ling tsa maemo ana.
Mathata a ho Sebelisa Mesebetsi
Khatisong ea ho qetela ea DSM, DSM-IV, ho ne ho e-na le mekhahlelo e 'meli: tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi le ho itšetleha ka lithethefatsi. DSM-5 e kopanya mekhahlelo ena e 'meli e le' ngoe e bitsoa "bothata ba ho sebelisa lithethefatsi." U na le bothata ba ho sebelisa lithethefatsi haeba tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi ea hao e baka mathata a bohlokoa bophelong ba hau, joaloka mathata a bophelo bo botle kapa bokooa bo amanang le tšebeliso ea hau ea lithethefatsi le / kapa ho se felle boikarabelo ba hao mosebetsing, lapeng kapa sekolong.
Mathata a Mathata a ho Sebelisa Matla
Mathata a sebelisoang ke lintho a hlalosoa e le a bonolo, a itekanetseng, kapa a le matla, ho itšetlehile ka hore na ke litsela life tse ngata tseo u kopanang le tsona. Mekhoa e 11 ea DSM-5 bakeng sa boloetse ba tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi e kenyelletsa:
- Tšebeliso e kotsi: U sebelisitse thepa ka litsela tse kotsi ho uena le / kapa tse ling, ke hore, ho feta, ho khannoa ha u le tlas'a tšusumetso, kapa ho ntšoa.
- Mathata a sechaba kapa a boikemelo a amanang le tšebeliso ea hau : Tšebeliso ea hau ea lithethefatsi e bakile mathata a kamano kapa likhohlano le ba bang.
- Mesebetsi e meholo e hlokomolohuoeng: U hlōlehile ho finyella boikarabello ba hao mosebetsing, sekolong kapa lapeng ka lebaka la tšebeliso ea hau ea lithethefatsi.
- Ho khaotsa: Ha u khaotse ho sebelisa ntho ena, u kile ua bona matšoao a ho tlohela.
- Mamello: U iketsetse mamello ho eona e le hore u sebelise ho eketsehileng ho fumana liphello tse tšoanang.
- Ho sebelisoa chelete e kholoanyane / nako e telele: U se u qalile ho sebelisa chelete e kholoanyane kapa ho sebelisa sesebelisoa nako e telele.
- Boiteko bo pheta-phetoang ho laola tšebeliso kapa ho tlohela: U lekile ho fokotsa kapa ho tlohela ka ho feletseng, empa ha ua atleha.
- Nako e ngata e sebelisitsoeng ho sebelisa: U qeta nako e ngata u sebelisa motsoako.
- Mathata a 'mele kapa a kelello a amanang le tšebeliso ea hau : Tšebeliso ea hau ea lithethefatsi e entse hore mathata a bophelo bo botle a kang sebete sa kankere kapa kankere ea matšoafo, kapa litaba tsa kelello, tse kang ho tepella maikutlong kapa ho tšoenyeha.
- Mesebetsi e fanoeng ho e sebelisa: U tlohetse mesebetsi kapa ua khaotsa ho etsa mesebetsi eo u kileng ua e thabela e le hore u sebelise ntho eo.
- Ho lakatsa: U kile ua ba le litakatso tsa ntho eo.
Ho Tsejoa le Mathata a ho Sebelisa Mesebetsi
E le hore u ka fumanoa u e-na le bothata ba ho sebelisa lithethefatsi, u tlameha ho finyella lintlha tse peli kapa tse fetang tsena ho feta likhoeli tse 12. Haeba u kopana le maemo a mabeli kapa a mararo, u na le bothata ba ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tse bonolo. Tse 'nè ho isa ho tse hlano li nkoa e le tsa bohlokoa,' me haeba u kopana le litekanyetso tse tšeletseng kapa tse fetang tse ling, u na le bothata bo matla ba ho sebelisa lithethefatsi.
Mefuta ea Mathata a ho Sebelisa Mesebetsi
Ts'oaetso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi e hlalosoa e le lefu la eona. Tse latelang ke tse tšeletseng tse tloaelehileng tsa ho sebelisa lithethefatsi United States:
- Joala bo sebelisa bothata
- Boloetse ba ho tsuba koae
- Ts'oaetso ea kannabis
- Boloetse bo tsosang ba ho sebelisa
- Mathata a ho sebelisa ha hallucinogen
- Mathata a ho sebelisa opioid
Lisebelisoa:
> Mokhatlo oa American Psychiatric Association (APA). Mathata a amanang le lithethefatsi le lits'oaetso . 2013.
> Hasin DS, O'Brien CP, Auriacombe M, le al. Merero ea DSM-5 bakeng sa Mathata a ho Sebelisa Mesebetsi: Litlhahiso le Tlhaloso. American Journal of Psychiatry . 2013; 170 (8): 834-851. doi: 10.1176 / appi.ajp.2013.12060782.
> Tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi le Tsamaiso ea lits'ebeletso tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello (SAMHSA). Mathata a ho Sebelisa Mesebetsi. E fetotsoe ka la 27 October, 2015.