Li-opiate ke mofuta oa lithethefatsi tse nang le lithethefatsi tse etsang hore motho a nyahame haholo tsamaisong ea methapo ea methapo (CNS). Li-opiate li tsoa ho opium, e ka hlahisoang ka tlhaho ho tloha limela tsa poppy kapa tse entsoeng ka alkaloids e sa tloaelehang.
Tse ling tsa li-opiate tse tloaelehileng haholo li kenyelletsa:
- Li-painkillers tsa ngaka
- Morphine (Kadian, Avinza)
- Codeine
- Hydrocodone (Vicodin)
- Oxycodone (OxyContin, Percocet)
- Heroin
Lipalo-palo ho Opiate Sebelisa le Tlhekefetso
Tšebeliso ea lichelete e ntse e eketseha lefatšeng ka bophara, kahoo ha ho makatse hore ebe tlhekefetso le ho lemalla lintho tse joalo li eketsehile lilemong tsa morao tjena. Ho ea ka Setsi sa Sechaba sa Tlhekefetso ea Meriana:
- Ka 2013, li-painkillers li ne li laeloa ka makhetlo a fetang limilione tse 200.
- Pakeng tsa batho ba limilione tse 26 ho isa ho tse 36 lefatšeng ka bophara ba hlekefetsoa.
- Batho ba fetang limilione tse peli United States ba na le bothata ba ho sebelisa lithethefatsi hampe mathata a amanang le ho hlekefetsoa ha opiate painkillers.
- Batho ba baholo ba ka bang halofo ea milione ba Amerika ba lemaletse heroine.
- Ka 2010, United States e ile ea bolaea batho ba ka bang 17 000 ka lebaka la ho sebelisa li-painkillers haholo.
- American Society of Addiction Medicine e tlaleha hore hoo e ka bang karolo ea 75 lekholong ea batho bohle ba tšoeroeng ke lefu la ho lemalla ho opioid qetellong ba fetela ho heroin e le mohloli o theko e tlaase oa opiate.
Li-opiate li Ama Bokhoni Joang?
Batho le liphoofolo ba na le li-receptor tse nang le opiate bokong.
Li-receptor tsena li sebetsa joaloka libaka tsa mehato bakeng sa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea li-opiate tse kang heroine le morphine.
Lebaka leo boko bo nang le lits'ebeletso tsena tsa tumello ke hobane ho na le li -neurotransmitter tse sa feleng (tse ka hare) tse sebetsang libakeng tsena tse amohelang batho 'me li hlahisa likarabo' meleng tse tšoanang le tsa lithethefatsi tsa opiate.
Li-opiate li sebetsa ka ho tlama li-receptor tse itseng bokong , kahoo li etsisa liphello tsa lik'hemik'hale tse hlahisang bohloko tse hlahisoang ka tlhaho. Lithethefatsi tsena li tlama ho opiate receptors bokong, mokokotlo oa mokokotlo le libakeng tse ling 'meleng. Ka ho tlamella li-receptor tsena, li thibela maikutlo a bohloko. Li-opiates li ka thibela bohloko 'me tsa baka maikutlo a boiketlo, empa li ka boela tsa baka litla-morao tse kang ho nyekeloa ke pelo, pherekano le ho otsela.
Ntle le ho kokobetsa bohloko, li-opiate li ka lebisa boikutlong ba thabo. Le hoja li atisa ho atleha ho phekola bohloko, qetellong batho ba ka ba le mamello bakeng sa lithethefatsi tsena, kahoo ba hloka tekanyo e phahameng ea ho fumana liphello tse tšoanang. Ha liphello tsa lithethefatsi tsa opiate li mamelleha haholoanyane, batho ba ka 'na ba qala ho nka litekanyetso tse phahameng ka ho eketsehileng ho ba le liphello tse tšoanang tsa bohloko-le ho fokotsa matšoao a ho tlohela . Matšoao a ho tlohela opiate a ka kenyelletsa ho tšoenyeha, mahlaba a mesifa, ho halefa, ho hlobaela, nko, ho nyefoloha, ho hlatsa le ho senya mpa.
Ke eng e etsang hore li-opiate tsa ngaka li be kotsi? Kaha li ama boko ka tsela e tšoanang le heroin le morphine, li beha kotsi ea ho lemala, ho sebelisa lithethefatsi hampe le ho fetela holimo.
Batho ba bang ba ka ba ba lemalla ha ba ba nka ka tsela eo ba e laetsoeng, empa likotsi li ka eketseha ka ho sa li nke joalokaha li laetsoe kapa ka ho li kopanya le lintho tse ling tse kenyeletsang joala le lithethefatsi tse ling.
Ho hakanngoa hore batho ba baholo ba limilione tse 100 United States ba na le mofuta o itseng oa bohloko bo sa foleng. Hangata ho fokotsa bohloko ba opioid hangata ho laeloa hore ho phekole bohloko bo amanang le likotsi, bohloko ba meno le bohloko ba morao. Lipatlisiso li bontša hore ha li nkiloe joalokaha li laoloa, li ke ke tsa lebisa ho tlōla tekano kapa ho lemalla.
Batho ba sebelisang li-opiate ho laola bohloko ba lokela ho ikopanya le litsebi tsa bona tsa bophelo bo botle haeba ba lumela hore ba ka ba le mamello kapa meriana.
Litlhahiso
Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Phaello ea Meriana. (2015). Matšoao a ho lemalla opioid: 2015 lintlha le lipalo. E khutlisitsoe ho http://www.asam.org/docs/default-source/advocacy/opioid-ddiction-disease-facts-figures.pdf
Volkow, ND (2014). Ho lemalla li-opioids Amerika: Heroine le tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi ka lithethefatsi. Bopaki ba Kopano. Mokhatlo oa Sechaba oa Tlhekefetso ea Meriana. Ho fumanoa ho http://www.drugabuse.gov/about-nida/legislative-activities/testimony-to-congress/2015/americas-addiction-to-opioids-heroin-prescription-drug-abuse