Ho ithuta botho ke e 'ngoe ea litaba tse ka sehloohong tse thahaselloang kelellong. Ho na le likhopolo tse ngata tsa botho le tse ngata tsa tse kholo li oela lerabeng le le leng la meholo e mene . E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea lintlha tsena ka botho bo leka ho hlalosa mekhoa e fapaneng ea botho , ho kenyeletsa hore na mekhoa ena e etsoa joang le hore na batho ba fapana joang le batho ka bomong.
Ithute ho eketsehileng ka lintlha tse 'nè tsa bohlokoa tsa botho, theorist tse amanang le khopolo e' ngoe le e 'ngoe le mehopolo ea mantlha e bohareng ba pono ka' ngoe.
Pono ea Psychoanalytic
Pono ea maikutlo ea kelello ea maikutlo ka botho e totobatsa bohlokoa ba liphihlelo tsa bongoaneng le kelello e sa tsebeng letho . Pono ena ka botho e entsoe ke setsebi sa mafu a kelello Sigmund Freud ea lumelang hore lintho tse patehileng ka ho hlokomoloha li ka senoloa ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng, tse kenyelletsang ka litoro, mekhatlo e sa lefelloeng, le lintlheng tsa leleme. Li-theorists tsa Neo-Freudian , ho kopanyelletsa le Erik Erikson, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler le Karen Horney , ba lumela bohlokoa ba ho se tsebe letho empa ba sa lumellane le lintlha tse ling tsa likhopolo tsa Freud.
Major Theorists le Khopolo ea Bona
- Sigmund Freud : O hatelitse bohlokoa ba liketsahalo tsa bongoaneng, tšusumetso ea ho se tsebe letho le likamano tsa thobalano ho nts'etsopele le ho theha botho.
- Erik Erikson : O hatisoa ke likarolo tsa sechaba tsa ntlafatso ea botho, bothata ba boitsebahatso le kamoo botho bo bōpiloeng ka nako eohle ea bophelo.
- Carl Jung : O tsepamisitse maikutlo ho tse kang tse ling tsa batho ba sa tsebeng letho, tsa li-archetypes le tsa kelello.
- Alfred Adler : Ho lumela hore sepheo se ka sehloohong sa botho ke ho loanela ho phahamisa maemo, kapa takatso ea ho hlōla mathata le ho atamela haufi le ho itlhokomela. Ena takatso ea ho finyella bophahamo bo bakoa ke maikutlo a tebileng a boikokobetso boo Adler a neng a lumela hore bo ne bo le teng.
- Karen Horney : O tsepamisitse tlhokomelo ea bohlokoa ba ho hlōla matšoenyeho a mantlha, moelelo oa ho ba mong le o mong lefatšeng. O ile a totobatsa lits'ebeletso tsa sechaba le tsa setso tse nang le karolo ho botho, ho kenyeletsa bohlokoa ba kamano ea motsoali le bana.
Pono ea Boikhohomoso
Pono ea botho ea botho e tsepamisa kelello khōlong ea kelello, bolokolohi ba ho ikhethela le tlhokomeliso ea botho. E hloka ho ba le pono e nepahetseng ka tlhaho ea batho mme e shebane le kamoo motho ka mong a ka finyellang bokhoni ba bona ka bomong.
Major Theorists
- Carl Rogers : A lumela ho molemo oa batho ba bile a hatisa bohlokoa ba bolokolohi ba ho ikhethela le ho hōla kelellong. O ile a fana ka tlhahiso ea hore tloaelo e ntseng e tsoela pele ke matla a susumetsang boitšoaro ba batho.
- Abraham Maslow : O fana ka maikutlo a hore batho ba susumelitsoe ke bolaoli ba litlhokahalo tsa litlhoko . Litlhoko tsa motheo ka ho fetisisa li thehiloe linthong tse hlokahalang bakeng sa bophelo tse kang lijo le metsi, empa ha batho ba ntse ba phahamisa boemo ba litlhoko tsena litlhoko tsena li thehiloe linthong tse kang ho hlompha le ho itlhahisa.
Tšoaro ea Maikutlo
Pono ea botho ea botho e thehiloe ho khethollang, ho hlalosa le ho lekanya litšobotsi tse khethehileng tse bōpang botho ba botho . Ka ho utloisisa litšobotsi tsena, bafuputsi ba lumela hore ba ka utloisisa hantle phapang pakeng tsa batho ka bomong.
Major Theorists
- Hans Eysenck : O boletse hore ho na le litekanyo tse tharo tsa botho: 1) ts'ebetso-ho hlahisa maikutlo, 2) ho tsitsa maikutlong-neuroticism le 3) kelello ea kelello.
- Raymond Cattell : Ho khetholla litšobotsi tsa botho tse 16 tseo a neng a lumela hore li ka sebelisoa ho utloisisa le ho lekanyetsa ho se tšoane ha botho.
- Robert McCrae le Paul Costa: Ba hlahisitse khopolo e kholo e mehlano, e khethollang boholo ba mefuta e mehlano ea botho: 1) ho ts'oaroa, 2) ho ba le bolotsana, 3) bolokolohi ba ho ba le phihlelo, 4) ho hlokolosi le 5) ho lumellana.
Pono ea Sechaba sa Temoho
Pono ea sechaba ea ho nahanisisa ka botho e totobatsa bohlokoa ba thuto ea ho shebella , ho iponahatsa hantle, tšusumetso ea boemo bo botle le ts'ebetso ea mohopolo.
Major Theorists
- Albert Bandura : A hatisa bohlokoa ba thuto ea sechaba, kapa ho ithuta ka ho shebella. Khopolo ea hae e ne e totobatsa karolo ea mehopolo ea boikutlo e akarelletsang ho iponahatsa , kapa litumelo tsa rona ka bokhoni ba rona.