Mokhoa oo ba khethiloeng ka oona le hore na karolo e ka tlaase ho 70 e bolela eng
Le hoja re atisa ho utloa lintho tse ngata mabapi le lintlha tse phahameng le tse tlase tsa bohlale (IQ) , batho ba bangata ha ba tsebe hantle hore na lipolelo tsena li bolela'ng.
Tlhaloso ea Lekhalo le tlaase la IQ
Palo ea IQ ea 70 kapa e ka tlase e nkoa e le lintlha tse tlaase. Hopola, ho liteko tse ngata tse hlokomelehileng tsa bohlale , lipalo tse tloaelehileng li behoa ho 100. Ntho e fetang 140 e nkoa e le ea phahameng kapa ea boemong bo botle .
Liphesente tse mashome a tšeletseng a metso e robeli tsa litekanyetso tsohle li kena ka hare ho feta kapa ho fokotsa lintlha tse 15 tsa tse boleloang (e pakeng tsa 85 le 115).
Joale ho bolela'ng ho fumana lintlha tse 70 kapa tse ka tlase? Nakong e fetileng, lintlha tsa IQ tse ka tlaase ho 70 li ne li nkoa e le letšoao la ho lahleheloa kelellong, bokooa ba kelello bo khetholloang ke mathata a mangata a ho nahanisisa.
Kajeno, leha ho le joalo, likarolo tsa IQ feela li sa sebelisetsoe ho hlahloba bokooa ba kelello. Ho e-na le hoo, mokhoa oa ho hlahlojoa o akarelletsa IQ ea 70 kapa ka tlaase, bopaki ba hore mefokolo ena e na le meeli pele ho lilemo tse 18, mefokolo e tebileng libakeng tse kang ho ithuta le ho beha mabaka, le mefokolo e tebileng libakeng tse fapaneng tse kang puisano le boithati tsebo. Bokooa ba kelello ke mofuta o tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa oa bothata ba nts'etsopele 'me bo ama karolo ea 0,05 lekholong ho karolo ea 1,55 lekholong ea batho bohle.
Ho khetholla likarolo tse tlaase tsa IQ
Lipalo tse karolelano tsa liteko tse ngata tsa IQ ke 100, 'me hoo e ka bang liphesente tse 68 tsa batho bohle li fumana kae pakeng tsa 85 le 115.
Bakeng sa ba oelang ka tlaase ho lilemo tse 85, likarolo li atisa ho aroloa ka tsela e latelang:
- 1 ho isa ho 24-Bokooa bo tebileng ba kelello
- 25 ho isa ho 39-Bokooa bo tebileng ba kelello
- 40 ho isa ho 54-Bokooa bo ikhethang ba kelello
- 55 ho isa ho 69-Bokooa bo bobe ba kelello
- 70 ho isa ho 79-bokooa ba kelello bo fapaneng
- 80 ho isa ho 89-ka tlase karolelano
Histori ea Low IQ
Intelligence quotient ke lipalo tse tsoang tekong e tloaelehileng e etselitsoeng ho lekanya bohlale.
Liteko tsa IQ li ile tsa hlaha mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1900 ha ho qalisoa tlhahlobo ea Binet-Simon, eo hamorao e ileng ea ntlafatsoa 'me ea tsejoa e le Stanford-Binet. Binet o ile a qala tlhahlobo ea hae ea pele ho thusa 'muso oa Fora ho khetholla liithuti tse nang le mathata a ho tseba hantle a hlokang thuso e eketsehileng sekolong.
Liteko tsa IQ li ipakile li ratoa haholo ka hare ho kelello le ka sechaba ka kakaretso, empa ho ntse ho e-na le phehisano e kholo mabapi le hore na ke liteko life tsa IQ le hore na li nepahetse hakae.
Likhopolo tsa khale tsa IQ e tlaase li ne li atisa ho lebisa tlhokomelo ka bokhoni ba ho nahanisisa, empa mekhoa e mengata ea kajeno e boetse e totobatsa kamoo motho a sebetsang kateng kelellong le likarolong tsa bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Batho ba nang le lintlha tsa IQ tse ka tlaase ho tse 70 ba ka fumanoa ba e-na le bokooa ba kelello haeba ba boetse ba e-na le bofokoli libakeng tse peli kapa tse fetang tse amang bophelo ba letsatsi le leng le le leng. Mehlala ea mekhoa e joalo ea ho ikamahanya le maemo e akarelletsa bokhoni ba ho itlhokomela le bokhoni ba ho buisana le ho sebelisana le batho ba bang.
Lentsoe "ho lahleheloa kelellong" le ne le sebelisoa nakong e fetileng ho hlalosa batho ba fumanoang ba e-na le IQ e tlaase, empa hona joale lentsoe lena le nkoa e le ho rohakoa 'me le nkeloa sebaka ke "lefu la ho ntlafatsa kelello" kapa "bokooa ba kelello." Nako e fetileng e sa ntse e sebelisoa maemong a mang, ho kenyelletsa le lits'ebetso tse ling tsa ho hlahloba le bakeng sa merero ea inshorense.
Lisosa tse tloaelehileng tsa bokooa ba kelello
Lisosa tse tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa tsa bokooa ba kelello li kenyelletsa:
- Maemo a lefutso a kang Down syndrome
- Mathata nakong ea bokhachane e ama ntlafatso ea boko, e kang ts'ebetso ea lithethefatsi le joala
- Mathata a ho sebetsa le ho tsamaisa, joalo ka ho se fumane oksijene e lekaneng ha a hlaha
- Likotsi tse kang ho hlokofatsoa hloohong le mafu a kang meningitis le mathata a ho tšoaroa ke lefu
> Mehloli:
> Mokhatlo oa American Psychiatric Association (APA). Bokooa ba kelello ke eng? E fetotsoe ka July 2017.
> Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Puo-Puo. Bokooa ba kelello. 2017.
> McKenzie K, Milton M, Smith G, Ouellette-Kuntz H. Tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng ea ho ata le ho ba le tšusumetso ea bokooa ba kelello: Methati ea morao-rao le mathata. Litlaleho tsa Mahlomola a Tsoelang Pele . June 2016; 3 (2): 104-115. le: 10.1007 / s40474-016-0085-7.