Bophelo ba Pele, Mosebetsi, le Menehelo ho Psychology
"Esita le ntle le katleho, batho ba bōpileng ba fumana thabo mosebetsing hantle o entseng. Ho ithuta ka bobona hoa putsa." - Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi ho tloha Boqapi: Phallo le Psychology of Discover & Invention , 1996.
Seo Csikszentmihalyi se Tsejoang ka ho Fetisisa
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi ke setsebi sa kelello se bileng le maikutlo a ho phalla. O tsejoa ka ho khetheha bakeng sa kelello ea ho phalla le kelello e ntle ea maikutlo.
Bophelo ba Pele ba Csikszentmihalyi
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (ea tsejoang e le ea phahameng-ea bitsoang HIGH-ee-ee) o hlahetse Fiume, Italy, hona joale e leng Rijeka, Croatia, ka la 29 September, 1934. Ha a ntse a hōla, o ne a tseba hantle Sehungary, Setaliana le Sejeremane. Nakong ea Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše, o ile a qeta nako kampong ea chankana ea Italy moo a ileng a fumana chess. O ile a fumana ho bapala chess e le mokhoa o babatsehang oa ho suthisetsa tlhokomelo ea hae hole le se neng se etsahala haufi le eena, seo a se lumelang se mo thusitse ho feta tse ling tse ngata.
Ha a le lilemo li 16, o ile a ea Switzerland moo a neng a e-na le monyetla oa ho mamela Carl Jung . Phihlelo ena e bile le tšusumetso ho eena. Hamorao o ile a hlalosa, "Ha ke sa le ngoana ntoeng ke ne ke bone ho hong ho phoso ka tsela eo batho ba baholo-e leng batho ba baholo ba neng ba e tšepile-ba hlophisitseng monahano oa bona. Ke ne ke leka ho fumana tsamaiso e ntlafetseng ea ho laola bophelo ba ka. ho leka ho sebetsana ka katleho le tse ling tsa likarolo tse ntle tsa phihlelo ea batho. "
Ka mor'a hore a ithute libuka tsa Jung le Freud , Csikszentmihalyi o ile a etsa qeto ea ho fallela Amerika ha a le lilemo li 22 e le hore a ithute kelello. O ile a ea Univesithing ea Chicago moo a ileng a fumana BA ea hae ka 1960 le Ph.D. oa hae. ka 1965. Ka 1969, o ile a khutlela Univesithi ea Chicago e le moprofesa moo a ileng a tsoela pele ho sebetsa ho fihlela ka 2000.
Mosebetsi oa Csikszentmihalyi
Csikszentmihalyi e tsejoa haholo ka khopolo ea hae ea phallo , eo a hlalositseng ka eona semelong ea 1990 buka ea Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience . Ho ea ka Csikszentmihalyi, batho ba thabile ha ba le boemong ba phallo, mofuta oa tšusumetso e ka sehloohong e akarelletsang ho tsepamisa mohopolo ka ho feletseng boemong kapa mosebetsi. O hlalosa phapang e le "ho kopanela ka ho feletseng mosebetsing ka boinotši." Ego e oela. Nako e fofa. Ketso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, mohato le monahano o latela ka ho hlaka ho tloha pele, joaloka ho bapala jazz. 'me u sebelisa bokhoni ba hau ka hohle. "
Menehelo ea Psychology
Khopolo ea Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi ea ho phalla e susumelletse batho ba libakeng tse sa tšoaneng. Mopresidente oa mehleng oa US Bill Clinton le eo e kileng ea e-ba Letona la Prime Minister Tony Blair ho tlalehoa hore ba susumelitsoe ke buka ea Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience . Jimmy Johnson, eo e neng e le mokoetlisi oa Dallas Cowboys, o sebelisitse maikutlo a Csikszentmihalyi ho lokisetsa 1993 Super Bowl. Maikutlo a Csikszentmihalyi a boetse a susumelletse batho ba khoebo, mmuso, thuto le bonono.
Libuka tse khethiloeng ke Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
Csikszentmihalyi ke mongoli ea kileng a phatlalatsa, ha a phatlalalitse lihlooho tse fetang 120 le likhaolo tsa lihlooho tse buang ka litaba tse fapa-fapaneng tsa kelello.
Lipatlisiso tsa hae le libuka tsa thabo le ts'ebetso li boetse li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ea thahasello e ntseng e eketseha ea kelello e nepahetseng. Ke ba seng bakae ba khethiloeng:
- Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Ka Ntle ho Boitšoaro le Matšoenyeho: Ho Phalla ha Mosebetsi le Lipapali, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Csikszentmihalyi, M. le Csikszentmihalyi, IS, eds. (1988). Phihlelo e ikhethileng: Thuto ea kelello ea ho phalla, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Phallo: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York: Harper le Row.
- Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Boikarabello: Phalla le Psychology of Discover and Invention. New York: Harper Perennial.
- Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1998). Ho Fumana Phallo : Psychology ea ho Kopanela le Bophelo ba Letsatsi le Letsatsi. Basic Books.
- Gardner, H., Csikszentmihalyi, M., le Damon, W. (2002). Khoebo e Molemo: Boetapele, Phallo, le ho Etsoa ha Moelelo. Basic Books.
Lisebelisoa:
Cooper, A. (1998). Monna ea fumaneng ho phalla. Shambhala Sun. http://www.shambhalasun.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1942
Encyclopedia of World Biography. (2006). Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Michigan: Gale Group.
Geirland, John (1996). Tsamaea le phallo. E ne e tsositsoe. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.09/czik_pr.html
Sobel, D. (1995). Puisano: Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Ea 17 (4) , 73.