Howard Gardner ke setsebi sa kelello ea nts'etsopele se tsebahalang haholo ka khopolo ena ea mahlale a mangata. O ne a lumela hore maikutlo a tloaelehileng a bohlale a ne a le mokhutšoane haholo ebile a thibela le hore mehato ea IQ e atisa ho hloloheloa ke "tse ling" tse ling tseo motho a nang le tsona. Buka ea hae ea 1983 ea Frames of Mind, e hlalositse khopolo ea hae le mefuta ea hae e meholo e supileng ea bohlale.
Maikutlo a Gardner a na le tšusumetso e khethehileng tšimong ea thuto moo e bululetsoeng matichere le matichere ho hlahloba litsela tse ncha tsa ho ruta tse amanang le lipolelo tsena tse fapaneng.
"Re na le tšōmo ena ea hore tsela e le 'ngoe feela ea ho ithuta ho hong ke ho e balla bukeng kapa ho utloa puo ho eona. Tsela e le' ngoe ea ho bontša hore re utloisisitse ntho e itseng ke ho nka tlhahlobo e khutšoanyane kapa mohlomong ka linako tse ling potso ea moqoqo e lahliloeng ka. Empa seo ke leshano. Ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ka rutoa ka litsela tse ngata. " - Howard Gardner, 1997
Molemo ka ho Fetisisa o Tsejoang:
Brief Biography
Howard Gardner o hlahile ka la 11 July, 1943, Scranton, Pennsylvania. O ile a itlhalosa e le "ngoana ea ratang ho ithuta ea neng a thabela ho bapala piano." O ile a qeta thuto ea hae ea bobeli sekolong se phahameng Harvard, a fumana lengolo la hae la thuto ea boipheliso ka 1965 le Ph.D. oa hae. ka 1971.
Le hoja qalong a ne a rerile ho ithuta molao, o ile a bululeloa ke mesebetsi ea Jean Piaget ho ithuta ka kelello ea tsoelo-pele.
O ile a boela a bua ka keletso eo ae fumaneng ho setsebi se tummeng sa psychoanalyst Erik Erikson e le karolo ea lebaka leo ka lona a neng a shebile litaba tsa kelello.
"Ke ne ke hlile ke buletsoe ha ke e-ea Harvard College 'me ke e-na le monyetla oa ho ithuta tlas'a batho ka bomong-ba kang setsebi sa psychoanalyst Erik Erikson, setsebi sa lipolotiki David Riesman le setsebi sa kelello Jerome Bruner-ba neng ba bōpa tsebo ka batho.
Seo se ile sa nthusa hore ke batlisise tlhaho ea batho, haholo-holo kamoo batho ba nahanang kateng, "o ile a hlalosa hamorao.
Mosebetsi le likhopolo
Ka mor'a hore a qete nako a sebetsa le lihlopha tse peli tse fapaneng haholo, bana ba tloaelehileng le ba nang le limpho le batho ba baholo ba senyehileng kelello, Gardner o ile a qala ho hlahisa khopolo ea ho etsa lipatlisiso le lipatlisiso tsa hae. Ka 1983, o ile a phatlalatsa li- Frames of Mind tse hlalositseng khopolo ea hae ea mahlale a mangata.
Ho ea ka khopolo ena, batho ba na le litsela tse sa tšoaneng tsa ho ithuta. Ho fapana le likhopolo tse tloaelehileng tsa bohlale tse tsepamisisang maikutlo ho motho a le mong, bohlale ba masoha bo bongata , Gardner o ne a lumela hore batho ba na le litsela tse sa tšoaneng tsa ho nahana le ho ithuta. O se a fumane ts'ebetso 'me a hlalosa mefuta e robeli ea bohlale:
- Bohlale ba ho sheba-sebaka
- Tsebo ea lipuo-lipuo
- Mathematical intelligence
- Bohlale ba Kinesthetic
- Tsebo ea 'mino
- Sesebelisoa sa boipheliso
- Intrapersonal intelligence
- Bohlale ba tlhaho
O ile a boela a etsa tlhahiso ea hore ho khoneha ho kenyelletsa mofuta oa borobong oo a o bitsang "bohlale ba teng."
Maikutlo a Gardner a mohlomong a bile le tšusumetso e kholo ka hare ho ts'ebeletso ea thuto, moo e fumaneng tlhokomelo e kholo le tšebeliso e kholo.
Ho nahana ha hae ka bohlale ho feta tšobotsi e le 'ngoe feela, e leng boinotšing bo buletse mamati bakeng sa lipatlisiso tse eketsehileng le litsela tse sa tšoaneng tsa ho nahana ka bohlale ba batho.
Mofuputsi Mindy L. Kornhaber o fane ka maikutlo a hore khopolo ea mahlale a mangata a atile haholo tšimong ea thuto hobane e "tiisa phihlelo ea letsatsi le leng le le leng": barutoana ba nahana le ho ithuta ka litsela tse fapa-fapaneng.E boetse e fana ka barupeli ka moralo o hlophisitsoeng oa ho hlophisa ho nahanisisa ka litlhaloso tsa moralo le litloaelo tsa thuto. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho nahanisisa hona ho entse hore barupeli ba bangata ba hlahise litsela tse ncha tse ka ntlafatsang litlhoko tsa sehlopha sa barupeluoa ka tlelaseng ea bona. "
Gardner hona joale o sebeletsa e le molula-setulo oa Komiti ea Tsamaiso ea Project Zero Harvard Graduate School of Education le Moprofesa oa Paki ea Psychology ea Harvard University.
Mesebetsi
- 1981, MacArthur Prize Fellowship
- 1987, William James Award, American Psychological Association
- 1990, Moputso oa Univesithi ea Louisville Grawemeyer ka Thuto
- 2000, John S. Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship
- 2011, moputso oa Khosana ea Asturias ka Sciences ea Sechaba
Likhatiso tse khethiloeng
Gardner, H. (1983; 2003). Lipampiri tsa kelello. Thuto ea mahlale a mangata. New York: BasicBooks.
Gardner, H. (1999). Bohlale bo tsosolosoa. New York: Basic Books.
Gardner, H. (2000). Keletso e khethiloeng: Ntle ho Tlhaho le Liteko tse tiisitsoeng, Thuto ea K-12 eo Ngoana e Mong le e mong a lokelang ho e etsa. New York: Putnam ea Penguin.
Intelligences tse ngata ho fapana le Tlhahlobo ea ho ithuta
Bukeng ea hae ea 2013 The App Generation , Gardner le motlatsi-'moho le eena Katie Davis ba fana ka maikutlo a hore khopolo ea mahlale a mangata a atisa ho ferekana ka maikutlo a ho ithuta mekhoa. Bobeli ha bo ts'oanang, Gardner oa hlalosa mme o sebelisa papiso ea k'homphieutha ho bontša phapang lipakeng tsa maikutlo.
Mokhoa oa setso oa bohlale bo le bong o bontša hore kelello e na le "khomphuta" e bohareng, e bohareng le e nang le merero e bolelang Gardner bukeng ea hae. K'homphieutha ena e nka hore na batho ba etsa joang likarolong tsohle tsa bophelo ba bona. Maikutlo a Gardner a mahlale a mangata, ka lehlakoreng le leng, a fana ka maikutlo a hore kelello e na le "lik'homphieutha" tse ngata tse sebetsang ka ho khetheha li itšetlehile ka e mong 'me li tlatsetsa bokhoni bo fapaneng ba kelello. Gardner o lumela hore batho ba ka 'na ba e-na le li-intelligences tse sa tšoaneng tse pakeng tsa bosupa le tse 10.
Mekhoa ea ho ithuta, ka lehlakoreng le leng, e ama kamano ea motho le lithahasello tsa thuto. Bothata bo nang le mohopolo oa ho ithuta mekhoa, Gardner oa hlalosa, ke hore hase feela hore ba hlalositsoe ka tsela e sa hlakang, lipatlisiso li fumane bopaki bo fokolang ba hore ho ruta mokhoa oa seithuti o khethiloeng ho na le phello liphetong tsa thuto.
Gardner o khetholla pakeng tsa mahlale a hae a mangata le mohopolo oa ho ithuta mekhoa ka ho hlalosa li-intelligences e le matla a kelello a theknoloji libakeng tse itseng tse kang bokhoni ba mantsoe kapa boitsebiso ba libaka. O hlalosa mekhoa ea ho ithuta e le kamoo motho a ithutang lithuto tse sa tšoaneng tsa thuto kateng.
Lisebelisoa:
Edutopia. (1997). Ba-Big Thinkers: Howard Gardner ka Multiple Intelligences. E khutlisitsoe ho http://www.edutopia.org/multiple-intelligences-howard-gardner-video.
Gardner, H. & Davis, K. (2013). Moloko oa App: Mokhoa oa Bocha oa Bocha oa Bocha oa Bocha, Botsoalle le Boikutlo ba Lefatše la Bobeli. Yale University Press.
Howard Gardner. (2010). E khutlisitsoe ho http://pzweb.harvard.edu/PIs/HG.htm
Howard Gardner: Likhetho le Mesebetsi. (2010). E khutlisitsoe ho http://www.pz.harvard.edu/pis/HGposi.htm
Kornhaber, ML (2001) 'Howard Gardner' ho JA Palmer (ed.) Mashome a mahlano a monahano oa kajeno oa thuto. Ho tloha Piaget ho fihlela joale, London: Routledge.
Smith, Mark K. (2002, 2008) 'Howard Gardner le Multiple Tntelligences', T Encyclopedia of Informal Education, http://www.infed.org/thinkers/gardner.htm.