Clark Hull e ne e le setsebi sa kelello se tsejoang ka khopolo ea hae ea ho khanna le lipatlisiso ka tšusumetso ea batho. Ka thuto ea hae, Hull e boetse e na le tšusumetso ho tse ling tse ngata tse tsejoang le tse nang le tšusumetso ea kelello ho akarelletsa Kenneth Spence, Neal Miller le Albert Bandura.
Ka boemong ba 2002 ba ba bang ba li-psychologist ba nang le tšusumetso e matla ka ho fetisisa lekholong la bo20 la lilemo, Hull o ne a thathamisitsoe e le setsebi sa mafu a kelello se boletsoeng khafetsa ka makhetlo a 21.
Ithute ho eketsehileng ka bophelo ba hae, mosebetsi oa hae, le menehelo ea lefapha la kelello.
Molemo ka ho Fetisisa o Tsejoang
- Tlhahlobo ea ho fokotsa leihlo
- Boits'oaro
- Lipatlisiso mabapi le ho tšoaetsoa kelello
Tsoalo le Lefu
- Clark Hull o hlahile ka la 24 May, 1884 Akron, New York.
- O hlokahetse ka la 10 May, 1952 New Haven, Connecticut.
Bophelo ba bonyaneng
Bophelo ba Clark Leonard Hull bo ne bo tšoeroe ke ho kula. O hlahetse New York mme o hōletse polasing mahaeng a Michigan. Thuto ea hae ea pele e ile ea etsahala sekolong sa kamore e le 'ngoe, moo a neng a tla boela a rute selemo se seng ka mor'a hore a fumane lengolo pele a tsoela pele ho ea sekolong sa Alma Academy. Ka mor'a ho fumana mangolo sekolong sena, thuto ea hae e ile ea lieha ho qeta selemo ka lebaka la boemo bo matla ba feberu ea feberu.
Ha a le lilemo li 24, o ile a tšoaroa ke polio 'me a e-ba le litho tse holofetseng ka leoto la hae le letšehali, a mo siea a itšetlehile ka tšepe ea tšepe le moqhaka ho tsamaea. Qalong o ne a rerile ho ithuta boenjiniere, empa mathata a hae a bophelo bo botle a ile a etsa hore a fetole lithahasello tsa hae litabeng tsa kelello.
Ha mathata a hae a futsanehile le mathata a tsa lichelete a ile a etsa hore a ferekane ka lithuto tse ngata, qetellong o ile a fumana degree ea bachelor le ea master ea hae Univesithing ea Michigan. Ka 1918, o ile a fuoa Ph.D. oa hae. ho tloha Univesithing ea Wisconsin-Madison.
Mosebetsi oa Hull le Theories
Ka mor'a ho qeta Ph.D. ea hae, Hull o ile a sala Univesithi ea Wisconsin-Madison ho ruta.
Nakong ena, o ile a qala ho etsa lipatlisiso ka tekanyo le ho bolela esale pele ea ho ba le bokhoni le ho hatisa buka ea Aptitude Testing ka 1928.
Ka 1929, o ile a ema Univesithing ea Yale moo a neng a tla tsoela pele ho sebetsa mosebetsing oa hae kaofela. E ile ea e-ba e mong oa litsebi tsa kelello tsa pele tsa ho ithuta hypnosis . Nakong ena, o ile a boela a qala ho ntlafatsa seo qetellong e neng e tla ba khopolo ea hae ea ho khanna. Hull e ile ea hlahisa maikutlo le lipatlisiso tsa batho ba bangata ba nahanang ho akarelletsa le Charles Darwin, Ivan Pavlov , John B. Watson le Edward L. Thorndike .
Joaloka ba bang ba itšoereng hantle, Hull o ne a lumela hore boitšoaro bohle bo ka hlalosoa ka melao-motheo. Ho ea ka khopolo ea ho fokotsa ho khanna ea Hull, ho hloka lintho tse phelang ho hlahisa litlhoko. Litlhoko tsena li etsa hore ho be le lisebelisoa tse susumetsang boitšoaro. Boits'oaro bo hlahisoang ke sepheo se tsamaisoang, ho fihlela ho finyella lithuso tsena tsa lipheo ho pholoha ha sebōpeho.
Hull o ile a susumetsoa ke Darwin 'me a lumela hore ts'ebetso ea ho iphetola ha lintho e ile ea ama lik'hamphani tsena le boitšoaro bo hlahang. O ile a fana ka maikutlo a hore thuto e etsahetse ha ho matlafatsa boitšoaro bo lebisitse ho kopana le mofuta o itseng oa pholoho.
Ka mohlala, litlhoko tsa mantlha tse kang tlala le lenyora li etsa hore likokoana-hloko li fumane khotsofalo ea litlhoko tsena ka ho ja le ho noa.
Tsena li khanna li fokotsoa ka nakoana. Ke ts'oaetso ena ea likoloi tse sebetsang e le matlafatso bakeng sa boitšoaro. Ho ea ka Hull, boitšoaro ke phello ea kopano e tsoelang pele le e rarahaneng ea lihloliloeng le tikoloho.
Menehelo ho Tšimo ea Psychology
Hull e fokotsa khopolo ea ho khanna e ne e le khopolo e tloaelehileng ea thuto e ileng ea thusa ho ts'ehetsa mosebetsi o eketsehileng ke bafuputsi ba bang. Ka mohlala, Miller le Dollard ba ile ba sebelisa khopolo ea motheo ea Hull ka ho pharaletseng ho kenyelletsa thuto ea sechaba le ho etsisa. Leha ho le joalo, ba ile ba fana ka tlhahiso ea hore tšusumetso e susumetsang e ne e sa hlokahale ho tlamahane le litlhoko tsa pholoho tsa sebōpeho.
Clark Hull le eona e ile ea susumetsa lingaka tse ling tse ngata tsa kelello. E ile ea e-ba e mong oa litsebi tsa kelello tse hlalositsoeng ka makhetlo a mangata lilemong tsa bo-1940 le bo-1950. Pele ho ts'ebetso ea lipolotiki tsa lilemong tsa bo-1960, likhopolo tsa hae li ne li e-na le tsusumetso e kholo ka ho fetisisa litabeng tsa kelello tsa Amerika.
O ile a boela a eletsa liithuti tse 'maloa tse abeloang mangolo tse ileng tsa tsoela pele ho kenya letsoho haholo liphuputsong tsa kelello tse kang Neal Miller, OH Mowrer, Carl I. Hovland le Kenneth Spence. Le hoja litsebi tsa hae li sa lumellane le maikutlo a hae, ho hatisoa ha hae mekhoeng ea liteko ho behile tekanyetso e phahameng ea bafuputsi ba nakong e tlang.
Likhatiso tse khethiloeng
Hull, C. (1933). Hypnosis le Boikemisetso: Tsela ea tlhahlobo . New York: Appleton-Lilemong tsa Boholo-holo.
Hull, C. (1943). Melao-motheo ea Boitšoaro . New York: Appleton-Lilemong tsa Boholo-holo.
Hull, C. le al. (1940). Thuto ea Mathematico-Khopolo ea ho Rote Learning . New Haven, NJ: Yale University Press.
> Mohloli
Hothersall, D. (1995). Histori ea Psychology, 3rd ed. New York: Hill ea Mcgraw.
Hull, C. (1943). Melao-motheo ea Boitšoaro. New York: Appleton-Lilemong tsa Boholo-holo.
Miller, N. & Dollard, J. (1941). Ho ithuta le ho etsisa batho. New Haven, NJ: Yale University Press.
Schrock, J. (1999). Clark L. Hull.
Spence, KW (1952). Clark Leonard Hull: 1884-1952. American Journal of Psychology, 65 (4), 639-646.