Le hoja ADHD e ne e sa tsejoe kamehla, e fumanoe, kapa e phekoloa ka tsela eo e leng eona hona joale, lingaka li hlile li tsejoa ka ADHD ka nako e itseng.
Mabitso a ADHD
Hase kamehla ba neng ba e bitsa ADHD leha ho le joalo, ho e-na le ho sebelisa mantsoe a kang:
- boko ba kotsi
- ngoana ea lemetseng kelello
- lefu la ho imeloa kelellong
- tšoaetso ea hyperexcitability syndrome
- lefu le bohloko la ngoana
- lefu la ngoana le sa tsitsang
- phetoho e tsitsitseng ea bongoana
- ho se sebetse ha bokhoni bo fokolang
- lefu la boko
- ngoana ea tšohileng
- hlokomela tlhokomelo ea bothata
Esita le hona joale, ho na le pherekano mabapi le hore na ho e bitsa ADD kapa ADHD .
Histori ea ADHD
Litemana tsa khale ka ho fetisisa lefats'eng le kang la ADHD li hlahile ho ella qetellong ea lekholo la bo18 la lilemo le Sir Alexander Crichton. Ba bang ba bile ba leka ho bolela hore batho ba tummeng ba bangata le batho ba histori ba ka be ba bile le ADHD, e kang Mozart, Leonardo da Vinci, kapa Ben Franklin.
Ho sebetsa ka ADHD hangata ho nahanoa hore ho qala lekholong la bo20 la lilemo, leha ho le joalo:
- litlhaloso tsa pele tsa bana ba nang le matšoao a ADHD li entsoe pele ho 1902 ke Sir George Frederick Ntle 'me ba ne ba nahana hore ba na le' bofokoli ba boitšoaro '
- ka 1908, Alfred F. Tredgold o hlalosa bana ba nang le mekhoa e metle ea bokooa ba boko bo ileng ba etsa hore ba be le boitšoaro bo khahlanong le sekolo sa ADHD
- ho etsoa phuputso e hlalosang tšebeliso ea Benedrine (racemic amphetamine) ho bana ba nang le mathata a boitšoaro ka 1937 ke Dr. Charles Bradley, ea ileng a fumana ka phoso ka melemo ea bencedrine ha a fana ka meriana ho thusa bana ba nang le bohlooho bo boholo, empa ba e hlokomela ba thusitse boitšoaro ba bona le ts'ebetso ea sekolo
- khatiso ea pele ea Diagnostic le Statistical Manual ea Mental Disorders (DSM) e hatisitsoe ke American Psychiatric Association (APA) ka 1952 mme ha e akarelletse ho bua ka lefu la ADHD
- lefu la ho imeloa kelellong ke lekhetlo la pele le sebelisetsoang ho hlalosa bana ba nang le matšoao a ADHD ka 1957
- Herbert Freed le Charles Peifer ba ithuta ka tšebeliso ea Thorazine (chlorpromazine) ho 'bana ba khathatsoang maikutlo maikutlong' ka 1957
- C. Keith Conners o hatisa thuto ka liphello tsa Ritalin (methylphenidate) 'bana ba khathatsoang maikutlong' ka 1963
- ka 1966, ho na le mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho ba le bothata ba ho ba le bothata ba ho ba le bothata ba ho ba le bothata ba ho ba le bothata ba ho ba le mathata a fapaneng ka ho lemoha, ho nahanisisa, puo, mohopolo le ho laola tlhokomelo, tšusumetso kapa motlakase.
- ka 1967 le 1968, Setsi sa Sechaba sa Bophelo bo Botle ba Melello (NIMH) se fana ka liphallelo tse ngata ho bafuputsi ho ithuta ka katleho ea lintho tse susumetsang bana ba nang le matšoao a ADHD
- khatiso ea bobeli ea Tlhahlobo le ea Statistical Manual ea Mental Disorders (DSM-II) e phatlalalitsoe ke APA ka 1968 'me e kenyelletsa mathata a hyperkinetic a sebetsang bongoaneng kapa bocha le bothata ba kelello ea manyolo
- moqapi oa pele oa Conner's Rating o phatlalatsoa ke C. Keith Conners ka 1969, e qetellang e lebisa liphetolelong tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa Conner's Rating Scales bakeng sa batsoali le matichere
- Ka 1970, Washington Post e phatlalalitse pale e hlalosang kamoo karolo ea 5 ho isa ho 10 lekholong ea bana bohle ba sekolo ba Omaha, Nebraska e ne e fumana li susumetsang, joalo ka Ritalin, ho laola boitšoaro ba bona, le hoja lipalo-palo li bua ka bana feela mananeong a khethehileng. Pale ena e baka phehisano e mabapi le lefu lena la ADHD le tšebeliso ea li-stimulants, haholo-holo kaha e fana ka maikutlo a hore batsoali ba bangata ba qobelloa ho phekola bana ba bona.
- Molao oa ho thibela lithethefatsi ka ho feletseng oa ho thibela lithethefatsi le taolo ea 1970 o etsa hore ho hlasimolloe, joaloka Ritalin (methylphenidate), meriana ea Schedule III le meriana ea Schedule II ka 1971
- Karolo ea 504 ea Molao oa Rehabilitation oa 1973 e ka lumella liithuti tse nang le bo-ADHD ba tšoanelehang ho fumana thuso le litšebeletso tse ling sekolong ho ba thusa ho atleha
- mokhatlo oa anti-Ritalin o ntse o eketseha ka 1975 ha ho hatisoa libuka tse 'maloa ho thusa ho matlafatsa tumelo ea hore ADHD hase bothata ba sebele, e entsoe ke lik'hamphani tsa lithethefatsi ho etsa chelete, kapa ho tsuba ho bakoa ke ho kula ha lijo le lijo tse ling tsa lijo, joalo-joalo. .
- AAP e phatlalatsa polelo ea eona ea pele ka ADHD, Meriana bakeng sa Hyperkinetic Children , e reng ho phaella ho 'ho hlahloba kalafo ea meriana maemong a joalo moo ho nepahetseng,' hore 'ho na le sebaka sa lithethefatsi tse tsosang takatso ea ho phekola bana ba hyperkinetic . '
- khatiso ea boraro ea Tlhahlobo le Tlhahlobo ea Mathata a Mental Disorders (DSM-III) e hatisitsoe ke APA ka 1980 'me e kenyelletsa Matšoenyeho a ho Hlokahala ka lekhetlo la pele, ho kenyelletsa le li-subtypes ADD ka ho se tsitsitseng, ADD ntle le ho tsuba, le ho etsa ADD
- Dr. Russell A. Barkley o ngola libuka tsa hae tsa pele tse 17 ka ADHD ka 1981 - Bana ba nang le bokooa: Buka ea ho hlahloba le ho phekoloa .
- DSM-III-R (khatiso e ntlafalitsoeng), e hatisitsoeng ka 1987, e boetse e fetola lebitso lena, lekhetlong lena tlhokomelong ea tlhokomelo ea ho hlokomoloha ho hloka tlhokomelo ea maikutlo (ADHD), empa ha e kenye li-subtypes leha e le life
- tlaleho ea 1987 e tsoang ho AAP, Meriana ea Bana e nang le Bothata ba ho Hlokomolohuoa , e fana ka 'lipontšo tsa phekolo ea lithethefatsi ha ho phekoloa bothata ba tlhokomelo ea lithethefatsi,' joaloka Ritalin, Dexedrine, Cylert le 'meriana e meng e ka sebelisoang,' ho akarelletsa le tricyclic ea ho tepella maikutlo
- Dr. Barkley o qala ho hatisa lenane la litaba la ADHD Report ka 1993
- khatiso ea bone ea Diagnostic le Statistical Manual ea Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) e hatisitsoe ke APA ka 2000 'me e hlalosa mefuta e meraro ea Tlhokomelo ea ho Hlokomoloha ho Hlokahala ha Matšoao (ADHD), ho akarelletsa le ADHD, Tlhahlobo e Kopaneng, ADHD, Mofuta o Motle oa ho Inkela , le ADHD, Mofuta o Feteletseng oa Hyperactive-Mofuthu oa Mofuthu
- Joseph Biederman o hatisa e 'ngoe ea lithuto tsa bongaka tse makholo ka bana ba nang le ADHD ka 1995
- tlaleho e ntlafalitsoeng ea AAP, Meriana ea Bana ba Nang le Mathata a Tlhokomeliso , e hatisitsoeng ka 1996, e hatisa hore phekolo ea meriana e lokela ho kopanngoa 'le tsamaiso e nepahetseng ea tikoloho le thuto ea bana.'
- Tataiso ea Tlhahlobo ea Metsing ea 2000 : Tlhahlobo le Tlhaloso ea Ngoana ea Nang le Tlhokomelo ea ho Hlokomoloha / ea ho Hlakola ha AAP a fana ka tataiso e hlakileng bakeng sa bana ba bana le batsoali ho hlahloba le ho phekola bana ba nang le ADHD
- Strattera, phekolo ea pele e seng e tsosang takatso ea ADHD, e amoheloa ka 2002
- mangolo a lemosang ka meriana ea ADHD e ntlafatsoa ka 2007 ho kenyelletsa litemoso mabapi le monyetla oa ho ba le likotsi tsa lefu la pelo (ho shoa ka tšohanyetso ho bana le bacha ba nang le mathata a pelo a tebileng kapa a mang a mathata a pelo a tebileng) le likotsi tsa matšoao a kotsi a kelello (ho etsa lintho tse fosahetseng, .
Meriana ea lihlahisoa tsa ADHD
Dr. Bradley o ithutile ka tšebeliso ea Benedrine e kile ea nkoa e le ho phatlalatsa phekolo ea mehleng ea kajeno ea phekolo ea ADHD, empa mohlomong karolo eo e se e fetiselitsoe meriana e mecha ea ka nako e le 'ngoe ea ADHD eo bana ba bangata ba e nkang.
Le hoja ho bonahala eka meriana e mengata e fapaneng ea ADHD e 'nile ea ntlafatsoa ka lilemo tse ngata, haholo-holo lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng, bongata ba tsona li sebelisa metsoako e tšoanang ea metsoako (methylphenidate le amphetamine / dextroamphetamine) e' nileng ea sebelisoa ho tloha mehleng ea khale ea lipatlisiso tsa ADHD. .
- 1937 - Benedrine (racemic amphetamine)
- 1943 - Desoxyn (methamphetamine hydrochloride)
- 1955 - Ritalin (methylphenidate)
- 1955-1983 - Biphetamine (motsoako o tsoakiloeng oa amphetamine / dextroamphetamine)
- 1960 - Adderall (letsoai la amphetamine / dextroamphetamine)
- 1975-2003 - Cylert (pemoline)
- 1976 - Dextrostat (dextroamphetamine)
- 1976 - Dexedrine (dextroamphetamine)
- 1982 - Ritalin SR
- 1999 - Metadate ER (methylphenidate)
- 2000 - Concerta (methylphenidate)
- 2000 - Methylin ER (methylphenidate)
- 2001 - CD ea Metadate (methylphenidate)
- 2001 - Focalin (dexmethylphenidate)
- 2001 - Adderall XR (metsoako e tsoakiloeng ea amphetamine)
- 2002 - Ritalin LA
- 2002 - Methylin (methylphenidate) tharollo ea molomo le tefo e bonolo
- 2002 - Strattera (atomoxetine)
- 2005 - Focalin XR (dexmethylphenidate)
- 2006 - Daytrana (methylphenidate patch)
- 2007 - Vyvanse (lipapali tse ling)
- 2008 - Procentra (metsi dextroamphetamine)
- 2009 - Intuniv (guanfacine hydrochloride)
- 2010 - Kapvay (clonidine hydrocloride)
- 2012 - Quillivant XR (metsi a methylphenidate)
- 2016 - Adzenys XR-ODT (amphetamine letlapa la ho arohana ka molomo)
- 2016 - Quillichew ER (chekable methylphenidate)
Tse ngata tsa meriana ena ea ADHD, esita le liphetolelo tse atolositsoeng tsa ho lokolloa, li fumaneha joale ka li- generic .
> Mehloli:
> AAP. Meriana bakeng sa Bana ba Hyperkinetic. Phekolo ea bana, ka 1975; 55: 560 - 562.
> Bradley C. Boits'oaro ba bana ba amohelang Benedrine. Amer. J. Psychiar., 94: 577, 1937.
> Keith Conners. Symposium: Ho fetola boitšoaro ka lithethefatsi: II. Liphello tsa kelello tsa lithethefatsi tse tsosang takatso ho bana ba nang le ho se sebetse ha boko bo fokolang. Lingaka, May 1972; 49: 702 - 708.
> Ho hloekisa, Sam D. Bokooa bo fokolang ba kelello ho Bana; Terminology le Identification. Khaolo ea I ea Morero oa Mekhahlelo e meraro. NINDB Monograph No. 3. 1966.
> Balekane, CK Litholoana tsa methylphenidate ka matšoao a matšoao le thuto ho bana ba khathatsoang. Am J Psychiatry 120: 458-464, November 1963
> Maurice W. Laufer, Eric Denhoff. Hyperkinetic behavior syndrome ho bana. Journal of Pediatrics Vol. 50, Khaolo ea 4, Maqephe 463-474.
> Palmer, ED Tlhaloso ea Pele ea ADHD (Inattentive Subtype): > Dr. > Alexander Crichton le 'Ho se be le Kelello Kelellong' (1798). Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review (2001), 6: 66-73
> R. Mayes le A. Rafalovich. Lumella bana ba se nang letho: phetoho ea ADHD le > lesea > ts'ebeliso ea stimulant, 1900-80. Histori ea Psychiatry, la 1 December, 2007; 18 (72 Pt 4): 435 - 457.