Ho fetisa mathata a kelello
"Externalizing" ke lentsoe le sebelisitsoeng ke litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello ho hlalosa le ho hlahloba mathata a kelello a nang le mathata a ho itšoara maikutlo le boitšoaro. Motho ea nang le bothata ba ho tsoa ka ntle o laola boitšoaro bo sa tloaelehang, bohale ka ntle (ka ntle), ho ba bang, ho e-na le ho fetola maikutlo a hae ka hare (internalizing).
Motho ea fumanoang a e-na le boloetse leha e le bofe ba ho tsoa ka ntle o na le mathata a ho laola maikutlo le mehopolo le ho ba hlalosetsa ka boitšoaro bo sa tloaelehang bo atisang ho tlōla litokelo tsa ba bang.
Ka mohlala, a ka 'na a tobana le batho ba bang ka bohale le ka mabifi, a hanyetsa kapa a "fetela" matla a bolaoli kapa a hlasela meeli ea sechaba.
Ke mathata afe a Psychiatric a Externalizing?
Khatiso ea bohlano ea sehlopha sa American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic le Statistical Manual ea Mental Disorders ( DSM-5 ) lihlopha tsa ho tsoa ka ntle ho sehlooho se reng "Ho Ferekanya, Tšusumetso-Taolo le Boitšoaro ba Boitšoaro." Li akarelletsa:
Tšoenyeho ea Botho ba Sechaba . Ho fapana le mathata a mang a kantle ho naha, bothata bona ba C botho ba Cluster B bo buisanoa haholo ka DSM-5 tlas'a sehlooho "Matšoenyeho a Botho," moo e hlalosoang e le "mokhoa oa ho hlokomoloha, le ho tlōla, litokelo tsa ba bang" ho batho ba lilemo li 18 lilemo kapa ho feta bao boitšoaro ba bona bo neng bo le khahlanong le bochaba bo qalile pele ho lilemo tse 15.
Lintlha tsa ho hlahlojoa ke lefu lena le ka ntle ho kenyeletsa likarolo tsa matšoao a amang:
- Ho hlokomoloha le ho tlōla litokelo tsa ba bang: ka mohlala, ho tlōla molao, ho bua leshano, ho itšoara ntle ho boikarabello, ho bontša ho se tsotelle ho hlokomoloha tšireletseho ea motho kapa ea ba bang, ho bontša ho se ikoahlaee
Lintlha tse ling: Ho kenyeletsoa ha lefu lena ka ntle ho lilemo tse 15 ho kenyeletsa bopaki ba ho kula ha boitšoaro.
Mathata a Tšoanang a Tšoanang. Lintlha tsa ho hlahlojoa ke lefu lena le ka ntle ho kenyeletsa likarolo tsa matšoao a amang:
- Moea o halefileng / o halefisang: Motho hangata o) lahleheloa ke bohale ba hae, 2) ke touchy kapa e halefisitsoe habonolo, 3) o halefetse ebile o halefile
- Tlhaloso ea boikhohomoso / bo khahlanong le motho: Motho hangata o 1) o hanyetsana le litšoantšo tsa bolaoli kapa, haeba ngoana kapa mocha, le batho ba baholo; 2) ka mafolofolo o senya kapa o hana ho latela melao kapa likōpo tse tsoang ho ba boholong; 3) ka boomo e halefisa ba bang; 4) o beha ba bang molato ka liphoso tsa hae kapa boitšoaro bo bobe
- Ho ba le boikutlo bo botle (spitefulness): Motho o bontšitse boitšoaro bona bonyane habeli likhoeling tse tšeletseng tse fetileng
Lintlha tse ling: Boitšoaro ba motho bo amana le mahlomola a hae kapa a ba bang ba haufi le eena, kapa ho na le phello e mpe ho bokhoni ba motho ba ho sebetsa.
Boitšoaro bo botle. Lits'ebetso tsa ho hlahloba lefu lena la ho tsoa ntle li kenyelletsa likarolo tsa matšoao a amang:>
- Boitšoaro bo bohale ho batho le liphoofolo: ka mohlala, ho hlekefetsa, ho sokela, ho tšosa, ho qala lintoa, ho sebelisa libetsa tse bolaeang, ho hlekefetsa batho kapa liphoofolo
- Ho timetsoa ha thepa: ka mohlala, ho chesa mollo ka boomo kapa ho senyeha thepa
- Ho bua leshano
- Bosholu
- Litlōlo tse tebileng tsa melao ea boitšoaro e amoheloang ka tloaelo
Lintlha tse ling: Boitšoaro ba motho bo ama hampe matla a hae a ho sebetsa sechabeng kapa mosebetsing kapa sekolong. Hape, haeba a le lilemo li 18 kapa ho feta, ha a finyelle litekanyetso tsa ho hlahloba hore na motho o na le bothata ba mofuta ofe.
Pyromania (Ho chesa Mollo). Lintlha tsa ho hlahlojoa ke lefu lena le ka ntle ho kenyeletsa likarolo tsa matšoao a amang:
- Ho chesa mollo ka makhetlo a fetang a le mong
- Boikutlo ba khatello kapa ho tsosoa pele ho ketso
- Ho khahloa ke, ho thahasella, ho tseba, kapa ho khahloa ke mollo, lintho tse sebelisetsoang ho li beha, le liphello tsa eona tsa sechaba
- Boikutlo ba boiketlo, khatholoho, kapa ho khotsofatsa nakong le ka mor'a ketso le ho shebella mollo
- Ho hloka lebaka la motheo la ho beha mollo (joalo ka chelete kapa ho pata ketso ea tlōlo ea molao)
Lintlha tse ling: Ho beha mollo ha ho molemo ho hlalosoa ke sekheo sa manic kapa ho hlahlojoa ke lefu la boitšoaro kapa bothata ba batho ba ts'oanang le batho.
Kleptomania (ho utsoa). Lintlha tsa ho hlahlojoa ke lefu lena le ka ntle ho kenyeletsa likarolo tsa matšoao a amang:
- Ho pheta-pheta ho hloleha ho hanela tšusumetso ea ho utsoa lintho tse sa hlokahaleng bakeng sa tšebeliso ea botho kapa bakeng sa bohlokoa ba bona ba lichelete
- Maikutlo a likhathatso tse ntseng li eketseha pele ho bosholu
- Thabo, phomolo, kapa ho khotsofatsa nakong ea bosholu
Lintlha tse ling: Bosholu ha bo ikemiselitse ho hlalosa bohale kapa phetetso 'me ha li arabe litlhaselong kapa likhopolo .
Ho sa tsotellehe hore na ho na le bothata bofe ba ho phatloha . Lintlha tsa ho hlahlojoa ke lefu lena le ka ntle ho kenyeletsa likarolo tsa matšoao a batho ba lilemo li 6 le ho feta tse amehang:
- Ho hlohlelletsa maikutlo, ho sa hlophisoe, le ho feteletseng ka mantsoe, ho hlekefetsoa 'meleng, le tšenyo ea thepa e sa etsoang ho finyella lintho tse kang chelete kapa matla
Lintlha tse ling: Ho hlaseloa ka mabifi ka makhetlo a mangata ho baka mahlomola a matla kapa ho senyeha ha mosebetsi ho motho ea e etsang, ho na le liphello tsa lichelete kapa tsa molao 'me ha ho hlalosoe hantle ke lefu le leng la kelello kapa la bongaka.
Tlhokomeliso: Litlhaloso tse khutšoanyane tse fanoeng ka holimo li reretsoe ho u fa pono e potlakileng ea lits'ebetso tsa ho hlahloba, ho laola maikutlo, le mathata a boitšoaro (ho tsoa ka ntle ho mathata). Ha li kenyelle lintlha tse ngata tsa lintlha tsa setsebi sa bophelo bo botle ba kelello li lokela ho nahana ka ho etsa leha e le efe ea tsena. Bakeng sa boitsebiso bo eketsehileng, botsa ngaka ea hau.
Mohloli:
Buka ea ho hlahloba le ea Statistical ea Mathata a kelello, La bohlano. Mokhatlo oa Maiketsetso oa Amerika (2015).