Sehlopha se senyenyane se hlokomelisoang ke tse ling tse hlalositsoeng ke tse ling tse hlalositsoeng ka ho hlakileng-tse qobelloang le tse ling tse amanang le tsona (DSM-5, 300.3; ICD-10, F42) ho hlahlojoa ho Buka ea Tlhahlobo le ea Statistical ea Mental Disorders - Fifth Edition (DSM-5) bohata ba maikutlo a ho pheta-pheta boits'oaro ba 'mele. Le hoja e seng e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ngotsoeng ka ho khetheha DSM-5, mathata ana a ho hlokomolohuoa haholo a ka etsa hore ho be le mathata a mangata le ho se sebetse bophelong ba ba loanang le bona.
Boits'oaro bo tsitsitseng 'meleng (BFRBs) bo kenyelletsa boitšoaro bo bocha bo itlhophisitseng bo amang ho loma, ho hula, ho ikhethela kapa ho itokolla moriri, letlalo kapa lipekere tse senyang' mele 'me li kopane le boiteko bo bongata ba ho emisa kapa fokotsa boitšoaro. Joaloka beng ka bona ba amohelehang ka tsela e amohelehang le ho ba le bothata ba ho ipolaea, BFRBs tse hlahisang bohlokoa ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle li tlameha ho baka mahlomola kapa khatello ea bohlokoa mosebetsing oa letsatsi le leng le le leng 'me e ke ke ea e-ba molemo ka lebaka la boloetse bo bakoang ke khatello ea maikutlo kapa boitšoaro bo sa ipolaeeng.
Li-BFRB li kenyelletsa, empa ha li felle feela ho:
- Trichotillomania (bolotsana-o-till-o-mania) - ho hula moriri o tloaelehileng, e leng ho fella ka ho lahleheloa ke moriri. Lintlha li bontša hore trichotillomania e hlaha hoo e ka bang 1% - 3% ea baahi.
- Matšoao a ho ikutloisa bohloko - ho khetholla letlalo ka makhetlo a mangata, e leng se hlahisang letlalo la letlalo. Liphuputso li bontša hore ho khethoa ha letlalo ho fokolisa mafu ho ama 1.4% - 5.4% ea batho ba baholo ba US, bao 75% ba bona e leng basali.
- Onychophagia (ah-ne-ke-fay-ji-a) - ho timetsoa ha menoana kapa litšepe ka mokhoa oa tloaelo oa ho loma. Ho hakanngoa ho etsahala hoo e ka bang 28% - 45% ea baahi, boitšoaro bona bo ka baka mathata a kang tšenyo e bonahalang letlalong le lipekere, tšoaetso ea letlalo, le mathata a meno a kenyeletsang lefu la periodontal, malocclusion, crowing or rotation of incisors .
- Onychotillomania - (ah-ne-ke-till-o-mania) - ho senyeha ha menoana kapa litšepe ka mokhoa oa ho bokella, ho hula le ho pata. Le hoja boitsebiso bo fokolang bo fumaneha bothateng bona, litlaleho tse 'maloa li' nile tsa phatlalatsoa libukeng tse peli tsa kelello le tsa dermatological. Mathata a bothata bona a tšoana le onychophagia.
- Lip Biting - (lip bite keratosis) - ho tsuba ha letlalo la molomo oa motho.
- Letlalo la Bite - (cheek keratosis) - timetso e tloaelehileng ea mucosa ea molomo ka ho loma ka meno a hau, ka tloaelo ho amana sebaka sa bohareng, lerama le ka hare. Ho hakanngoa hore e ka etsahala ho batho ba baholo ba ka bang 3 ho ba lekholo ba Amerika, mathata a ho lla le molama ho senya boitšoaro ho akarelletsa lisosa, liso le mafu a molomo hammoho le nts'etso-pele ea keratosis
- Leleme la ho hlafuna - ho tsuba ka leleme, hangata mahlakoreng a leleme, ke bothata bo tloaelehileng ba molomo. Mathata a boitšoaro a kenyelletsa ho ba bobebe le lik'hemik'hale, li-pigmentation le hyperkeratosis. Le hoja ho 'nile ha e-ba le thuto e nyenyane ea bothata bona, e' nile ea boleloa mananeong a meno.
E 'ngoe ea likhohlano tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa BFRB ke lefu la kelello.
Ho fapana le lingoliloeng tsa pele tse ngotsoeng ka mekhoa ena e bontšang hore ke tlhaho ea boithati, lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao li bontša hore ha li hlahe li amana le ho intša kotsi ka boomo. Batho ba bangata ba kopanelang boitšoarong bona ba arabela boikutlong ba bona (ho bapisoa le takatso ea ho etsa litemoso tsa molao) e lokolotsoeng ke boitšoaro, kapa, ba leka ho lokisa, ho lokisa kapa ho ntlafatsa tsela e itseng ea boithati ba bona libaka tse hlahelang (mohlala, ponahalo, ho utloa bohloko, maikutlo a joalo, joalo-joalo - ka mohlala, ho khetha hlaba ka sepheo sa ho khothalletsa ponahalo e bonolo le ho fola kapele).
Batho ba bangata ba kenang boitšoarong bona ha ba ikemiselitse ho utloisa bohloko kapa ho baka tšenyo ea 'mele, empa ba ferekane ke phello ea letlalo, moriri kapa lipekere, ho etsa boiteko bo boima ba ho fokotsa kapa ho emisa boitšoaro. Le hoja mosebetsi oa boitšoaro o fapana, hangata o na le boikutlo ba ho itšepa kapa ho ba thusa ho laola maikutlo kapa tsamaiso ea methapo e tsosang takatso.
Tlhahlobo e thehiloeng ho bopaki ba BFRBs, joalokaha ho pakoa ke thuto ea trichotillomania le ho tsieleha ha maikutlo, ho kenyeletsa ts'ebelisano e khethehileng ea boitšoaro (CBT) - koetliso ea ho fetola tloaelo (HRT). HRT e kenyelletsa koetliso ea tlhokomeliso (e leng, ho itlhahloba), ho khetholla boitšoaro bo susumetsang, ho laola (ho fetola tikoloho ho fokotsa menyetla ea ho khetha boitšoaro), le ho koetlisoa ka katleho ea ho arabela (ho khetholla boitšoaro bo fetohang bo sa lumellaneng le ho khethoa ha letlalo). Ho amohela le ho ikitlaetsa Therapy (ACT) le Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) lithupelo tsa boiphihlelo li boetse li bontšitsoe hore li sebetsa hantle joaloka mekhoa ea ho sebelisa HRT.
Ho buelitsoe ho Bala
Mokhatlo oa Maiketsetso oa Amerika. Buka ea Tlhahlobo le Tlhahlobo ea Mathata a Kelello, Khatiso ea Bohlano. 5th ed. Washington, DC: Mokhatlo oa Maiketsetso oa Amerika; 2013: 251-4.
Delong L. & Burkhart N. "Kakaretso le Lipolelo Tsa Mantsoe bakeng sa Maiketsetso a Meriana." Ea 2 lekholong. Lippincott, Williams le Wilkins, Baltimore, 2013.
Grant, J, Stein, D, Woods, D, & Keuthen, N. (2012). Trichotillomania, ho tšoara letlalo, le lihlahisoa tse ling tse tsitsitseng tsa 'mele. Phetolelo ea Psychiatric ea Amerika.