Histori le mabaka a entseng phetoho
Poleloana e reng " ho tepella maikutlong ea motho " e simolohile Greece ea boholo-holo, moo lentsoe lena le ileng la sebelisoa lekholong la pele la lilemo ho hlalosa matšoao a lefu la kelello. Bukeng ea hae ea Bipolar Expeditions: Mania le Depression ho American Culture , mongoli Emily Martin oa ngola,
"Bagerike ba ne ba lumela hore ho songoa kelellong ho ka akarelletsa ho se leka-lekane har'a bashemane, joalokaha ha melancholy, e halefisitsoe ke li-flux tsa mali, e ile ea fetoha ntho e fapaneng le ea eona."
Bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1800, Jean-Pierre Falret, setsebi se seng sa mafu a kelello sa Mafora, o ile a hlalosa "mahlahahlaha," kapa likokoana-hloko tse chitja, lihlopha tsa manic le tsa melancholic tse neng li arohane ka linako tse neng li se na matšoao. Ke ka mosebetsi oa hae hore polelo ea manic-depressive psychosis e fetoha lebitso la boloetse bona ba mafu a kelello. Hoa hlokomeleha hore "psychosis" e kenyelelitsoe, kahoo ha e kenye mefuta eohle ea seo re se tsebang e le lefu la ho ferekana kelellong le sa akarelletsang likarolo tsa kelello .
Ka 1902, Emil Kraepelin o ile a hlophisa a ba a hlophisa seo ho neng ho nkoa hore ke sepheo sa ho kopanela liphate likarolong tse peli. Manic-ho tepella maikutlong e ne e le lentsoe leo a neng a le sebelisa ho hlalosa mafu a kelello a nang le mathata a maikutlo kapa a maikutlo. Dementia praecox, ka ho toba e bolelang "ho hlanya pele ho nako," 'me hamorao e bitsoa schizophrenia , e ne e le tlotla ea mafu a kelello a bakoang ke likhopolo kapa mathata a ho utloisisa.
Ho Fetoha ho Tloha ho Sebelisa ho Tepella Maikutlo ho Batho ho ea ho Bipolar Disorder
Mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1950, Karl Leonhard o ile a hlahisa lentsoe " bipolar " ho hlalosa phapang ea maikutlo a unipolar ( ho tepella maikutlo ho matla ) ho tloha maikutlong a ho ferekana kelellong.
Ka 1980, ha ho hatisoa khatiso ea boraro ea Diagnostic le Statistical Manual ea Mental Disorders (DSM), khatello ea maikutlo ea manic e ile ea fetoloa ka molao tsamaisong ea lihlopha ho ba le lefu la ho ferekana kelellong .
Ke Hobane'ng ha ho Tšoaroa ke Bipolar ho E-na le ho Tepella Maikutlo?
Lilemong tse mashome a seng makae tse fetileng, mosebetsi oa bongaka, le lefu la kelello ka ho khetheha, o entse boiteko bo matla ba ho fetolela puo ea matsoho ho nako ea molao ea lefu la bipolar ea DSM.
Ho na le mabaka a 'maloa a bontšitsoeng bakeng sa phetoho ena, ho akarelletsa:
- Hangata ho tepella maikutlong ha motho ho sebelisitsoe ho hlalosa mafu a mangata a kelello, 'me ha mekhoa ea lihlopha e fetohile e rarahaneng haholoanyane, lentsoe le lecha la lefu la ho ferekana kelellong le etsa hore ho hlakehe ka ho hlaka ha ho fumanoa.
- Mantsoe "Manic" le "Mania" a 'nile a nyelisoa haholo. Nahana ka lipolelo tse tloaelehileng tse kang "Mantaha oa Manic," Li-animaniacs, li-homacidal maniac le tse ling tse joalo. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, lentsoe "ho tepella maikutlong" le sebelisoa ka thabo ke sechaba ka kakaretso bakeng sa nako ea ho hlomoha e sa hlileng e tšoanelehang joaloka ho tepella maikutlong .
- Bothata ba ho ferekana kelellong ke nako e mengata ea phekolo 'me kahoo, e imetsoe moeeng.
- Ho tepella maikutlong ha motho ho hatisa matšoao a maholo maikutlong empa ho bonahala eka ha e kenye matšoao a 'mele le / kapa a ho utloisisa.
- Mantsoe a ho tepella maikutlong a manic ha a kenyelle liphetolelo tsa cyclothymic kapa hypomanic (lefu la bipolar II) la boloetse.
Mefuta ea Bipolar Disorder
Ho na le mefuta e mene ea lefu la ho ferekana kelellong le amoheloang DSM-5. Li akarelletsa:
- Ho ferekana kelello Kea khathatseha: Hore mofuta ona o fumanoe, o tlameha ho ba le likarolo tsa manic kapa tse tsoakiloeng tse tšoarellang bonyane beke kapa matšoao a motho a neng a le matla hoo u neng u lokela ho kenngoa sepetlele. Li-episodes tse nyahamisang hangata li teng hape.
- Boloetse ba Bipolar II: Likokoana-hloko tsa Hypomanic , kapa tse nyahamisang li etsahala ka mofuta ona, empa hase lipapali tsa manic
- Boloetse ba Cyclothymic kapa cyclothymia: Mofuta ona ke mofuta o boima oa ho ferekana kelellong 'me o fumanoa ha u se u e-na le lipapali tsa matšoafo le tse bohloko tse bonyane ka lilemo tse peli.
- Bothata ba ho ferekana kelellong ha ho boleloe ka ho hlaka (BP-NOS): Ka BP-NOS , u na le matšoao a ho ferekana kelellong a sa finyelle litekanyetso tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho hlahlojoa ke mefuta e meng e meraro ea ho ferekana kelellong 'me matšoao a hao ha ho hlakile hore hase boitšoaro bo tloaelehileng bakeng sa uena.
Lisebelisoa:
Martin, E. (2007). Leeto la ho ferekana kelellong: Mania le ho tepella maikutlo mokhoeng oa Amerika . Princeton University Press.
Stephens, S. (2007). bp Histori bp Magazine .
"Ho Tšoaroa ke Bipolar." Setsi sa Sechaba sa Bophelo ba Mental (2016).