Tse ling tsa Lipotso Tse Boholo Mabapi le Kamoo Batho ba Hlahisang Kateng
Ho na le litaba tse ngata tsa bohlokoa tse phehisanoang hohle historing ea tsoelo-pele ea kelello. Lipotso tse kholo li kenyeletsa tse latelang:
- Na tsoelo-pele e bakoa ke liphatsa tsa lefutso kapa tikoloho ?
- Na tsoelo-pele e etsahala butle butle, kapa na liphetoho li etsahala ka mekhahlelo ?
- Na liphihlelo tsa bongoaneng li na le tšusumetso e kholo ho nts'etsopele kapa liketsahalo tsa morao-rao ke tsa bohlokoa joalo?
Ithute ho eketsehileng ka lipotso tsena tsa motheo le seo lingaka tse ngata tsa kelello kajeno li se lumelang ka litaba tsena.
Tlhaho khahlanong le Hlahisa
Phehisano e mabapi le menehelo e lekanyelitsoeng ea lefa le tikoloho, hangata e bitsoa moetsano oa tlhaho le ho hōlisa , ke e 'ngoe ea litaba tsa khale ka ho fetisisa filosofing le psychology. Bo-rafilosofi ba kang Plato le Descartes ba tšehetsa khopolo ea hore likhopolo tse ling li hlaha. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, batho ba nang le maikutlo a kang John Locke ba pheha khang ka taba ea tabula rasa -tumelo ea hore kelello e se nang letho ha e hlaha, le phihlelo e khethollang tsebo ea rona.
Kajeno, litsebi tsa kelello tse ngata li lumela hore ke ho sebelisana pakeng tsa matla ana a mabeli a bakang nts'etsopele. Likarolo tse ling tsa ntshetsopele li na le liphatsa tsa lefutso, tse kang ho kena lilemong tsa bocha. Leha ho le joalo, ho qala ha bokhachane ho ka ama mathata a tikoloho joalo ka lijo le phepo e nepahetseng.
Thuto ea pele-pele vs. Phihlelo ea moraorao
Ntho ea bobeli ea bohlokoa ho hlahloba kelello ea tsoelo-pele e akarelletsa bohlokoa ba bohlokoa ba liphihlelo tsa pele ho latela tse etsahalang hamorao bophelong.
Na re ameha haholo ke liketsahalo tse etsahalang bongoaneng, kapa liketsahalo tsa morao-rao li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa?
Theorists ea kelello e atisa ho tsepamisa mohopolo liketsahalong tse etsahalang bongoaneng. Ho ea ka Freud, boholo ba botho ba ngoana bo tsitsitsoe ka ho feletseng ka lilemo tse hlano. Haeba ho joalo, ba nang le phihlelo ea ho hlekefetsoa kapa ho hlekefetsoa ba ka 'na ba se ke ba fetola kapa ba ntlafatsa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng.
Ho fapana le maikutlo ana, bafuputsi ba hlokometse hore tšusumetso ea liketsahalo tsa bongoaneng ha e hlile e na le tšusumetso e matla ho feta boitšoaro bophelong bohle. Batho ba bangata ba nang le bongoana bo fokolang-botho bo phethahetseng ba tsoela pele ho hlaolela batho ba baholo hantle.
Tsoelo-pele le ho khaotsa ho tsuba
Taba ea boraro e kholo ea kelello ea nts'etsopele ke ea ho tsoela pele. Na phetoho e etsahala hantle ka nako, kapa ka letoto la mehato e reriloeng? Liphuputso tse ling tsa ntlafatso li pheha khang hore liphetoho ke feela taba ea bongata; bana ba bonts'a tsebo e eketsehileng ha ba ntse ba hōla. Liphutheho tse ling li hlahisa letoto la likarolo tse ikhethang tseo ho tsona litsebo li hlahelang lintlheng tse itseng tsa ntshetsopele. Liphuputso tse ngata tsa nts'etsopele li oela tlas'a libaka tse tharo tse kholo:
- Likhopolo tsa kelello ke tse susumelitsoeng ke mosebetsi oa Sigmund Freud, ea neng a lumela bohlokoa ba kelello ea ho se tsebe letho le liphihlelo tsa bana. Phetoho ea Freud tlhōlisanong ea tsoelo-pele e ne e le tlhahiso ea hore tsoelo-pele e hlaha ka letoto la likarolo tsa kelello.
Setsebi sa litaba, Erik Erikson, o ile a atolosa likhopolo tsa Freud ka ho fana ka maikutlo a thuto ea sekhahla sa tlhabollo ea kelello. Khopolo ea Erikson e lebisitse tlhokomelo likhohlanong tse hlahang likarolong tse fapaneng tsa tsoelo-pele, 'me ho fapana le khopolo ea Freud, Erikson o hlalositse nts'etsopele ho pholletsa le nako ea bophelo.
- Ho ithuta likhopolo-taba ho lebisa tlhokomelo ho hore na tikoloho e ama boitšoaro joang. Mekhoa ea bohlokoa ea ho ithuta e kenyeletsa boemo ba khale , boemo bo sebetsang le boipheliso ba sechaba. Boemong bo bong le bo bong, boitšoaro bo bōptjoa ke ho sebelisana pakeng tsa motho ka mong le tikoloho.
- Khopolo-taba ea ho nahanisisa e lebisa tlhokomelo ho ntlafatso ea kelello, bokhoni le bokhoni. Mehlala ea likhopolo-taba tse nang le tsebo e kenyelletsa khopolo ea Piaget ea ntshetsopele ea tsebo .
Boitšoaro bo sa tloaelehang vs. Likhohlano Tsa Batho ka bomong
E 'ngoe ea lipelaelo tse kholo ka batsoali ba bangata ke hore na bana ba bona ba ntse ba ntlafatsa kapa che. Lintho tsa bohlokoa tsa nts'etsopele li fana ka tataiso ea lilemo tseo tsebo le litsebo tse ling li hlahang ka tsona, empa li ka baka khathatso ha ngoana a oela morao hanyenyane.
Le hoja litsebi tsa nts'etsopele li lebisitse tlhokomelo holima mekhoa ea boipheliso, ho lebisa tlhokomelo ho liphapang ka bomong ho nts'etsopele e ntse e fetoha e tloaelehileng.
Litsebi tsa kelello li tloaetse ho itšoara ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang, kahoo likhopolo tsa nts'etsopele sebakeng sena li atisa ho hlalosa litšenyehelo boitšoarong. Ho ithuta likhopolo-taba ho itšetlehile haholo ka tšusumetso e khethehileng ea tikoloho ho motho ka mong, kahoo ho ikarola ka bomong ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea likhopolo tsena. Kajeno, litsebi tsa kelello li sheba mekhoa e mabeli le likhetho ha motho a hlalosa tsoelo-pele ea bana.
> Mehloli:
> Berk, LE. Ntlafatso ea Bana. 9th ed . USA: Pearson Education, Inc; 2012.
> Shute RH, Slee PT. Litabeng tsa ho ntlafatsa bana le mekhoa ea bohlokoa, Khatiso ea Bobeli . New York: Routledge; 2015.